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### The Informal Imperative

When you give advice, instructions, or commands to one person you know informally, use the informal singular imperative. 

To form it, start with the present tense **du** form of the verb. Then, simply remove the **-st** ending and drop the pronoun **du**.

- **kaufen:** du kaufst → **kauf**
- **trinken:** du trinkst → **trink**

{{item:865104}}

If the verb stem ends in certain consonants like **-m** or **-t** (e.g., **atmen**), keep the **-e** at the end to make it easier to pronounce.

{{item:865089}}

### Reflexive and Separable Verbs

If the verb is reflexive, include the pronoun **dich** right after the verb. If the verb also has a separable prefix (like **aus-** in **sich ausruhen**), move that prefix to the very end of the sentence.

{{item:865092}}

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### Stem-Changing Verbs

Some strong verbs change their stem vowel in the **du** form (e.g., **nehmen** becomes **du nimmst**). These verbs keep their vowel change in the command form, but you still drop the **-st**.

- **nehmen:** du nimmst → **nimm**

This also applies to separable verbs based on **nehmen**, such as **einnehmen** (to take medicine). Notice how the verb changes and the prefix **ein-** goes to the end:

{{item:865106}}

{{item:865108}}

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
to breathe	atmen
deeply	tief
Breathe deeply and slowly.	Atme tief und langsam.
Please breathe very deeply.	Atme bitte sehr tief.
to rest	sich ausruhen
Please rest.	Ruh dich bitte aus.
You are sick, rest today!	Du bist krank, ruh dich heute aus!
to relax	sich entspannen
Relax and sleep well.	Entspann dich und schlaf gut.
Forget the stress and relax.	Vergiss den Stress und entspann dich.
the rest / the quiet	die Ruhe
Believe me, you need the rest.	Glaub mir, du brauchst die Ruhe.
The rest is very important for you.	Die Ruhe ist sehr wichtig für dich.
the medicine	die Medizin
the cold (illness)	die Erkältung
The medicine is good against the cold.	Die Medizin ist gut gegen die Erkältung.
Buy the medicine for me.	Kauf die Medizin für mich.
Drink the tea against the cold!	Trink den Tee gegen die Erkältung!
to take (medicine)	einnehmen
Take the medicine immediately!	Nimm die Medizin sofort ein!
the pill	die Tablette
Take the pill with water.	Nimm die Tablette mit Wasser ein.
regularly	regelmäßig
Take the pill regularly.	Nimm die Tablette regelmäßig ein.
Breathe regularly and drink a lot of tea.	Atme regelmäßig und trink viel Tee.
the medication (a specific drug)	das Medikament
I am taking the medication.	Ich nehme das Medikament.
The doctor gives me a medication.	Der Arzt gibt mir ein Medikament.
the nurse (female)	die Krankenschwester
The nurse helps the doctor.	Die Krankenschwester hilft dem Arzt.
The nurse works a lot.	Die Krankenschwester arbeitet viel.
get well soon	Gute Besserung
Get well soon!	Gute Besserung!
You are ill. Get well soon!	Du bist krank. Gute Besserung!

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