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### Three more of the body

| | | |
|---|---|---|
| **der Magen**, ¨- | the stomach (the organ) | *Mir tut der **Magen** weh.* |
| **die Brust**, ¨-e | the chest | *Er hat Schmerzen in der **Brust**.* |
| **die Zunge**, -n | the tongue | *Zeig mir deine **Zunge**!* |

Mind the pair **der Magen** and **der Bauch** (L61). *Der Bauch* is the belly you can point at from outside; *der Magen* is the organ inside it. A German says *Mir tut der **Bauch** weh* about a general ache and *Ich habe **Magen**schmerzen* about indigestion.

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### Doktor and Arzt

You have had **der Arzt** since L33 — that is the profession. **der Doktor** is the title and the way you address one: *Guten Tag, Herr **Doktor**.* Germans say *Ich gehe zum **Arzt**,* not *zum Doktor*, so keep the two apart.

### die Praxis

The room you sit in — a doctor's surgery, a private office. Not the hospital, which is *das Krankenhaus* (L62). Its plural is irregular: **die Praxen**.

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### Two verbs

**sich verletzen** takes a reflexive when you hurt yourself: *Ich habe **mich** verletzt.* Without it, you hurt someone else.

**einschlafen** is separable and takes **sein** in the perfect, because it is a change of state: *Ich **bin** sofort **eingeschlafen**.*

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Illness and the doctor

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the flu	die Grippe
I have the flu and am staying in bed.	Ich habe eine Grippe und bleibe im Bett.
With the flu only rest helps.	Bei einer Grippe hilft nur Ruhe.
the doctor's surgery	die Praxis
The surgery is closed on Friday.	Die Praxis ist am Freitag geschlossen.
Many people are waiting in the surgery today.	In der Praxis warten heute viele Leute.
the doctor (title of address)	der Doktor
Good day, doctor!	Guten Tag, Herr Doktor!
The doctor gave me a pill.	Der Doktor hat mir eine Tablette gegeben.
the stomach (the organ)	der Magen
My stomach hurts.	Mir tut der Magen weh.
After the meal my stomach felt heavy.	Nach dem Essen war mein Magen schwer.
the chest	die Brust
He has pains in his chest.	Er hat Schmerzen in der Brust.
The child is sleeping at its mother's chest.	Das Kind schläft an der Brust der Mutter.
the tongue	die Zunge
Show me your tongue!	Zeig mir deine Zunge!
The coffee was hot and my tongue hurts.	Der Kaffee war heiß und meine Zunge tut weh.
to injure	verletzen
I injured myself doing sport.	Ich habe mich beim Sport verletzt.
The dog did not injure the child.	Der Hund hat das Kind nicht verletzt.
to fall asleep	einschlafen
I fell asleep very early yesterday.	Ich bin gestern sehr früh eingeschlafen.
The baby always falls asleep quickly in the car.	Das Baby schläft im Auto immer schnell ein.
the consultation hours	die Sprechstunde
Consultation hours begin at eight o'clock.	Die Sprechstunde beginnt um acht Uhr.
The doctor has no consultation hours today.	Der Arzt hat heute keine Sprechstunde.
the head cold	der Schnupfen
I have had a cold since yesterday.	Ich habe seit gestern einen Schnupfen.
Hot tea helps with a cold.	Bei Schnupfen hilft heißer Tee.
the injection	die Spritze
The injection did not hurt at all.	Die Spritze tat gar nicht weh.
The doctor gave him an injection for the pain.	Der Arzt gab ihm eine Spritze gegen die Schmerzen.
the ward	die Station
She is on the ward next to the office.	Sie liegt auf der Station neben dem Büro.
Ten doctors work on this ward.	Auf dieser Station arbeiten zehn Ärzte.
to suffer	leiden
He has suffered from severe pain for years.	Er leidet seit Jahren an starken Schmerzen.
Nobody should suffer for long.	Niemand soll lange leiden.

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