Feminine noun suffixes (-ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft)

Guessing noun genders in German can be tricky, but certain suffixes give you a reliable shortcut. Any noun ending in -ung, -heit, -keit, or -schaft is guaranteed to be feminine (die).

These suffixes usually create abstract nouns, like states of being or societal concepts. Each has a close equivalent in English:

  • -ung: Turns verbs into nouns, similar to "-tion" or "-ing".
  • -heit and -keit: Turn adjectives into nouns, similar to "-ness" or "-ty".
  • -schaft: Describes a state or collective, similar to "-ship" or "-hood".

As feminine nouns, they take die in the nominative and accusative cases.

Hope and freedom are important.
Die Hoffnung und die Freiheit sind wichtig.
I understand the difficulty.
Ich verstehe die Schwierigkeit.
Politeness costs nothing.
Die Höflichkeit kostet nichts.

Discussing Virtues and Society

You will use these suffixes frequently when talking about society, virtues, and education.

Education is important for development.
Die Bildung ist wichtig für die Entwicklung.
Friendship brings great satisfaction.
Die Freundschaft bringt große Zufriedenheit.

A Quick Dative Refresher

In the dative case (such as after the preposition in to describe a fixed location), the feminine article die changes to der.

We live in the neighborhood.
Wir wohnen in der Nachbarschaft.
Security in the neighborhood is good.
Die Sicherheit in der Nachbarschaft ist gut.

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