Feminine abstract nouns (-e)

To discuss properties like "length" or "hardness," you can turn descriptive adjectives into abstract nouns.

In German, you can transform many short adjectives into abstract nouns by adding the suffix -e. Two rules apply:

  1. The noun is always feminine (taking the article die).
  2. The main vowel takes an Umlaut if possible (a becomes ä, o becomes ö, u becomes ü, and au becomes äu).

For example, lang (long) becomes die Länge (the length), and scharf (sharp) becomes die Schärfe (the sharpness).

The aquarium has the perfect length.
Das Aquarium hat die perfekte Länge.
I feel the sharpness of the stone.
Ich spüre die Schärfe vom Stein.

This pattern applies to many other qualities:

  • nass (wet) becomes die Nässe (the wetness).
  • hart (hard) becomes die Härte (the hardness).

If the adjective ends in unaccented -er, like sauer (acidic), drop the e before adding the suffix. The vowel still shifts:

  • sauer (acidic) becomes die Säure (the acid or acidity).
Despite the wetness, the cable works.
Trotz der Nässe funktioniert das Kabel.
The expert must test both the hardness and the acid.
Der Experte muss sowohl die Härte als auch die Säure testen.
The acid is the worst for the reef and the corals.
Die Säure ist am schlechtesten für das Riff und die Korallen.

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