Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Beyond the nuclear family

L22 gave you *Vater, Mutter, Eltern, Bruder, Schwester, Sohn, Tochter*. This lesson steps one generation out and one branch sideways.

| | |
|---|---|
| **der Großvater**, ¨- | grandfather |
| **die Großmutter**, ¨- | grandmother |
| **die Großeltern** (pl.) | grandparents |
| **die Tante**, -n | aunt |
| **die Cousine**, -n | cousin (female) |
| **der Enkel**, - | grandson |

{{item:873015}}

### Großvater or Opa?

Both are correct and both are common. **der Großvater** and **die Großmutter** are the neutral words — the ones you use writing a form, or talking about someone else's family. **der Opa** and **die Oma** (L37) are what you call your own, and what a child says. Same person, different register.

### die Großeltern has no singular

Like **die Eltern** and **die Geschwister**, **die Großeltern** exists only in the plural. There is no *ein Großelter*.

> Meine **Großeltern** wohnen in Deutschland.

### Husband and wife

**der Ehemann** and **die Ehefrau** are built on **die Ehe** (marriage). In everyday speech Germans usually just say *mein Mann* and *meine Frau* — the Ehe- forms are the precise ones, and the ones a form asks for.

{{item:873033}}

Family and relatives

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the grandfather (neutral register)	der Großvater
My grandfather is very old.	Mein Großvater ist sehr alt.
The grandfather is playing with the child.	Der Großvater spielt mit dem Kind.
the grandmother (neutral register)	die Großmutter
My grandmother cooks very well.	Meine Großmutter kocht sehr gut.
The grandmother is reading a book.	Die Großmutter liest ein Buch.
the grandparents (plural only)	die Großeltern
My grandparents live in Germany.	Meine Großeltern wohnen in Deutschland.
We are visiting the grandparents at the weekend.	Wir besuchen die Großeltern am Wochenende.
the aunt	die Tante
My aunt has three children.	Meine Tante hat drei Kinder.
The aunt is my mother's sister.	Die Tante ist die Schwester von meiner Mutter.
the cousin (female)	die Cousine
My cousin lives in Spain.	Meine Cousine wohnt in Spanien.
The cousin is coming to visit tomorrow.	Die Cousine kommt morgen zu Besuch.
the grandson	der Enkel
The grandson visits the grandparents often.	Der Enkel besucht die Großeltern oft.
Her grandson is still a baby.	Ihr Enkel ist noch ein Baby.
the husband	der Ehemann
Her husband comes from Spain.	Ihr Ehemann kommt aus Spanien.
The husband works in an office.	Der Ehemann arbeitet in einem Büro.
the wife	die Ehefrau
His wife's birthday is today.	Seine Ehefrau hat heute Geburtstag.
The wife and the husband cook together.	Die Ehefrau und der Ehemann kochen zusammen.
mum, mom	die Mama
My mum cooks very well.	Meine Mama kocht sehr gut.
dad	der Papa
Mum and dad are not at home.	Mama und Papa sind nicht zu Hause.
My dad calls every day.	Mein Papa ruft jeden Tag an.
the girlfriend	die Freundin
His girlfriend is very young.	Seine Freundin ist sehr jung.
I love my girlfriend.	Ich liebe meine Freundin.

Contributors