Excessive degree (zu ... um zu)

When reviewing job candidates, you might find that someone is a bit too something to be a good fit. To express that a situation is too extreme for a certain result to happen, German uses zu (too) combined with an um ... zu infinitive clause.

These statements are split into two parts, separated by a comma:

  • The main clause: Describes the excessive trait using zu
    • adjective (like zu krank or zu unerfahren).
  • The infinitive clause: Begins with um, followed by any objects or extra details, and ends with zu
    • an infinitive verb.
The applicant is too sick to do the job interview.
Der Bewerber ist zu krank, um das Vorstellungsgespräch zu führen.
She is too inexperienced to lead the project.
Sie ist zu unerfahren, um das Projekt zu leiten.
Is she too overqualified to do the job?
Ist sie zu überqualifiziert, um die Arbeit zu machen?

Separable Verbs

When the action at the end of the sentence is a separable verb, zu does not stand as a separate word. Instead, it gets sandwiched between the separable prefix and the verb root to form a single word.

The company is too small to hire him.
Die Firma ist zu klein, um ihn einzustellen.
We have too little money to offer the position.
Wir haben zu wenig Geld, um die Position anzubieten.

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