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When guiding someone through an outdoor obstacle course, you need to be precise about directions. In German, directional adverbs often use the prefixes **hin-** and **her-** to indicate movement relative to the speaker:

- **hin-** means movement *away* from the speaker.
- **her-** means movement *towards* the speaker.

### Herüber and Hinüber (Over)

You can attach these prefixes to prepositions like **über** (over) to describe crossing an obstacle. Use **herüber** if the person is coming over to where you are, and **hinüber** if they are moving away from you to the other side.

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### Hindurch (Right through)

When someone needs to go completely through an obstacle, combine **hin-** with **durch** (through) to make **hindurch**. It is often used alongside the preposition **durch** to emphasize passing all the way through and out the other side.

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### Hervor (Emerging from)

When something emerges from a hiding place—like coming out from under a sofa or the mud—use **hervor**. Because the object is appearing into the speaker's line of sight, it uses the **her-** (towards) root.

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Directional adverbs (hin- and her-)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the obstacle course	der Parcours
I will show you the obstacle course that you have to do today.	Ich zeige dir den Parcours, den du heute machen musst.
the obstacle	das Hindernis
The first obstacle is being set up by the coach.	Das erste Hindernis wird vom Trainer aufgebaut.
to (direction, + dative)	zu
over (towards)	herüber
You climb onto the box and jump over to me.	Du kletterst auf die Kiste und springst zu mir herüber.
the board	das Brett
to swing	schwingen
over (away)	hinüber
You run over the board and swing over the water.	Du läufst über das Brett und schwingst über das Wasser hinüber.
through (adverb)	hindurch
to crawl	kriechen
We have to crawl through the tunnel together.	Wir müssen zusammen durch den Tunnel hindurchkriechen.
the mud	der Schlamm
Nobody is allowed to stay clean, because we are running through the mud!	Niemand darf sauber bleiben, denn wir laufen durch den Schlamm hindurch!
This obstacle course is longer because you have to swing a lot.	Dieser Parcours ist länger, weil du viel schwingen musst.
out from	hervor
The dog crawls out from under the sofa.	Der Hund kriecht unter dem Sofa hervor.
A shoe suddenly emerges from the mud.	Ein Schuh kommt plötzlich aus dem Schlamm hervor.
You throw the rope over to me.	Du wirfst das Seil zu mir herüber.
The coach makes you climb over the wall.	Der Trainer lässt dich über die Mauer hinüberklettern.
The obstacle gets bigger when you stand in front of it.	Das Hindernis wird größer, wenn du davor stehst.
We run through the mud and climb over the board.	Wir laufen durch den Schlamm hindurch und klettern über das Brett hinüber.
to fall	fallen
The glass fell onto the floor.	Das Glas ist auf den Boden gefallen.
The price has fallen sharply.	Der Preis ist stark gefallen.
to come here	herkommen
Please come here immediately!	Komm bitte sofort her!
Where do you actually come from?	Wo kommst du eigentlich her?
there, to that place	dahin
There is still a lot of time until then.	Bis dahin ist noch viel Zeit.
The way there was long.	Der Weg dahin war lang.
to find out	herausfinden
We have to find out who wrote the letter.	Wir müssen herausfinden, wer den Brief geschrieben hat.
She found out the truth quickly.	Sie hat die Wahrheit schnell herausgefunden.

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