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### From "Obwohl" to "Trotz"

To express doing something in spite of an obstacle, you can use the conjunction **obwohl** (although) to introduce a subordinate clause. In professional contexts, it is common to condense these clauses into prepositional phrases using **trotz** (despite).

To transform an *obwohl* clause into a prepositional phrase, turn the core idea of the clause into a noun. The preposition **trotz** requires the **Genitive** case.

| Gender / Plural | Genitive Article | Example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Masculine | des (+ -s / -es) | trotz des Zinses |
| Neuter | des (+ -s / -es) | trotz des Kapitals |
| Feminine | der | trotz der Inflation |
| Plural | der | trotz der Startups |

For feminine nouns, the article changes to **der**:

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{{item:882716}}

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For masculine and neuter nouns, the article changes to **des**, and the noun takes an **-s** or **-es** ending:

{{item:882726}}

{{item:882727}}

Any adjectives between the Genitive article and the noun take the ending **-en**:

{{item:882731}}

Concessive prepositional phrases (trotz)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the recession	die Rezession
the startup	das Startup
Although there is a recession, she is founding a startup.	Obwohl es eine Rezession gibt, gründet sie ein Startup.
Despite the recession, she is founding a startup.	Trotz der Rezession gründet sie ein Startup.
the competition (business, competitors)	die Konkurrenz
the business model	das Geschäftsmodell
Although the competition is strong, our business model works.	Obwohl die Konkurrenz stark ist, funktioniert unser Geschäftsmodell.
Our business model works despite the strong competition.	Unser Geschäftsmodell funktioniert trotz der starken Konkurrenz.
the inflation	die Inflation
the interest	der Zins
On the one hand, inflation is rising; on the other hand, interest is falling.	Einerseits steigt die Inflation, andererseits sinkt der Zins.
the capital (money, assets)	das Kapital
Although inflation had risen, they raised the capital.	Obwohl die Inflation gestiegen war, haben sie das Kapital gesammelt.
Despite inflation, they raised the capital.	Trotz der Inflation haben sie das Kapital gesammelt.
the setback	der Rückschlag
the financing	die Finanzierung
Although we had a setback, we got the financing.	Obwohl wir einen Rückschlag hatten, haben wir die Finanzierung bekommen.
We got the financing despite the setback.	Wir haben die Finanzierung trotz des Rückschlags bekommen.
Due to high interest, the financing is expensive.	Aufgrund des hohen Zinses ist die Finanzierung teuer.
profitable	profitabel
The startup had finally become profitable.	Das Startup war endlich profitabel geworden.
The company is profitable despite the bad business model.	Das Unternehmen ist trotz des schlechten Geschäftsmodells profitabel.
We lost a lot of capital due to the recession.	Wir haben aufgrund der Rezession viel Kapital verloren.
The competition is a big setback for the startup.	Die Konkurrenz ist ein großer Rückschlag für das Startup.