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When investigators or rescuers try to piece together what happened in an emergency, they often make logical guesses. To say what "probably happened" or what someone "must have done," German frequently uses the **Futur II** (Future Perfect).

Although this tense has the word "future" in its name, it is heavily used to express an assumption about a past event.

To form these sentences, use a conjugated form of **werden** in the second position, and place the **Past Participle** of the main verb along with the infinitive **haben** or **sein** at the very end of the sentence.

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### Choosing "haben" or "sein"

Just like when forming the standard present perfect tense (Perfekt), you must choose between **haben** and **sein** for your final helper verb. 

Use **sein** if the main verb describes motion from one place to another (like slipping) or a change of state (like having an accident).

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Most other verbs simply use **haben**.

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### Adding probability and negation

You can emphasize that this is a guess by adding adverbs like **wahrscheinlich** (probably). Words like this, as well as the negation **nicht**, sit inside the sentence frame, right before the verb block at the end.

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### Assumptions in subordinate clauses

If you embed your assumption into a subordinate clause (for example, starting with **dass**), standard word order rules apply. The conjugated verb (**wird** or **werden**) is pushed to the very end of the clause. This means it will sit immediately after the Past Participle and *haben* or *sein*.

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Assumptions about the past (wird ... haben/sein)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the cliff	die Klippe
to slip	abrutschen
He will have slipped at the cliff.	Er wird an der Klippe abgerutscht sein.
the avalanche	die Lawine
to have an accident	verunglücken
The man will have had an accident in the avalanche.	Der Mann wird in der Lawine verunglückt sein.
the signal	das Signal
the two-way radio	das Funkgerät
They will have sent the signal with the two-way radio.	Sie werden das Signal mit dem Funkgerät geschickt haben.
the rescuer	der Retter
the gorge	die Schlucht
The rescuer will have searched in the gorge.	Der Retter wird in der Schlucht gesucht haben.
to survive	überleben
He will not have survived the avalanche.	Er wird die Lawine nicht überlebt haben.
I believe that the injured man will have had an accident on the steep cliff.	Ich glaube, dass der verletzte Mann an der steilen Klippe verunglückt sein wird.
The rescuer saw the avalanche and will have reacted to it.	Der Retter sah die Lawine und wird darauf reagiert haben.
Without the two-way radio, he will not have heard the sent signal.	Ohne das Funkgerät wird er das geschickte Signal nicht gehört haben.
The brave rescuer will have slipped into the gorge.	Der mutige Retter wird in die Schlucht abgerutscht sein.
the sign of life	das Lebenszeichen
The dog found the backpack, but he will not have smelled a sign of life.	Der Hund fand den Rucksack, aber er wird kein Lebenszeichen gerochen haben.
It is a miracle, but he will have survived.	Es ist ein Wunder, aber er wird überlebt haben.
The dog will probably have found a sign of life.	Der Hund wird wahrscheinlich ein Lebenszeichen gefunden haben.