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### Reflexive Verbs for Emotions and Interests

In German, many verbs that describe emotions, mental states, and personal reactions are reflexive. They require an accusative reflexive pronoun (*mich*, *dich*, *sich*, *uns*, *euch*, *sich*).

These verbs are frequently paired with specific prepositions. In the combinations below, the following noun is always in the **accusative case**.

**sich freuen**
The meaning of *sich freuen* changes depending on the preposition:
- *sich freuen auf* = to look forward to (future events)
- *sich freuen über* = to be happy about (present or past events)

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### Negative Emotions

To express annoyance or frustration, use *sich ärgern* (to be annoyed) and *sich aufregen* (to get upset). Both pair with the preposition *über* (about).

Note that *aufregen* is a separable verb. Its prefix (*auf*) jumps to the end of the clause.

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### Memory and Interests

- *sich erinnern* pairs with *an* (to remember something).
- *sich interessieren* pairs with *für* (to be interested in something).

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### Daily Responsibilities

*sich kümmern* means "to take care of" or "to look after". It is always paired with the preposition *um*.

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Finally, *sich umziehen* means "to change clothes". Like *aufregen*, it is a separable verb.

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When used with a modal verb (like *müssen*), the separable verb stays together as an infinitive at the end of the sentence.

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Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
to be happy / to look forward to	sich freuen
I am looking forward to the vacation.	Ich freue mich auf den Urlaub.
We are happy about the gift.	Wir freuen uns über das Geschenk.
to get upset	sich aufregen
the noise	der Lärm
My mother often gets upset about the noise.	Meine Mutter regt sich oft über den Lärm auf.
The noise here is really a problem.	Der Lärm hier ist wirklich ein Problem.
to be annoyed / to be angry	sich ärgern
The boss is annoyed because nobody is working.	Der Chef ärgert sich, denn niemand arbeitet.
Are you annoyed about the mistake?	Ärgert ihr euch über den Fehler?
to remember	sich erinnern
I do not remember the movie.	Ich erinnere mich nicht an den Film.
Nobody remembers the secret.	Niemand erinnert sich an das Geheimnis.
to be interested	sich interessieren
the art	die Kunst
Are you interested in art?	Interessieren Sie sich für Kunst?
Everyone here loves art.	Jeder hier liebt Kunst.
the politics	die Politik
He was never interested in politics.	Er hat sich nie für Politik interessiert.
Why do you get so upset about politics?	Warum regst du dich so über Politik auf?
to take care of	sich kümmern
Who is taking care of the baby?	Wer kümmert sich um das Baby?
I am taking care of the dinner today.	Ich kümmere mich heute um das Abendessen.
to change clothes	sich umziehen
I have to change clothes quickly.	Ich muss mich schnell umziehen.
They change clothes after work.	Sie ziehen sich nach der Arbeit um.
to feel (a certain way)	sich fühlen
I feel good.	Ich fühle mich gut.
How do you feel?	Wie fühlst du dich?
to recover	sich erholen
I recovered well on holiday.	Im Urlaub habe ich mich gut erholt.
After work I have to recover.	Nach der Arbeit muss ich mich erholen.

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