Breakdown of Le professeur justifie la décision étant donné que l'effectif augmente.
le professeur
the teacher
la décision
the decision
augmenter
to increase
étant donné que
given that
justifier
to justify
l'effectif
the class size (m)
Questions & Answers about Le professeur justifie la décision étant donné que l'effectif augmente.
Since étant donné que ends with que, shouldn't it be followed by the subjunctive?
No, étant donné que (given that) introduces a known, objective fact, so it always takes the indicative mood. Here, the increase in class size is presented as an established reality, which is why we use the present indicative augmente.
What is the difference between using étant donné que and simply saying parce que here?
Why is l'effectif translated as the class size? Doesn't it mean workforce or staff?
L'effectif refers broadly to the total number of people in a specific group. While it often means staff or workforce in a business context, in an educational setting (indicated by Le professeur), it refers to the number of students, hence class size or enrollment.
Does the phrase étant donné que ever change to agree with the nouns around it?
No, as a compound conjunction, étant donné que is completely invariable. You never add an -s or an -e to donné in this expression, regardless of the gender or number of the nouns in the sentence.
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