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### The Verb "Avoir" (To Have)

The verb **avoir** (to have) is one of the most common and important verbs in French. It is irregular, meaning its forms do not follow a predictable pattern.

Here are the singular forms:

| Subject | Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| je | **ai** | I have |
| tu | **as** | you have (informal) |
| il / elle | **a** | he / she has |

Notice that **je** drops its "e" and uses an apostrophe to become **j'** before **ai**. This always happens when **je** is followed by a verb that starts with a vowel.

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### Adding Emphasis

You can pair these verb forms with the stressed pronouns from the previous lesson (like **moi** or **toi**) to emphasize who owns what, or to bounce a question back to someone else.

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### Nouns as Subjects

When the subject of your sentence is a singular noun—like a person, a student, or a boy—you will use **a**, exactly as you do for **il** and **elle**.

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The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and elision (le, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, une)

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Knowing facts vs. familiarity (savoir, connaître)

Question	Answer
to have	avoir
the phone	le téléphone
I have a phone.	J'ai un téléphone.
the bike	le vélo
You have a bike.	Tu as un vélo.
the motorcycle	la moto
He has a small motorcycle.	Il a une petite moto.
the idea (f)	l'idée
She has an interesting idea.	Elle a une idée intéressante.
the tablet	la tablette
modern	moderne
I myself have a modern tablet.	Moi, j'ai une tablette moderne.
the television	la télévision
And you, do you have a television?	Et toi, tu as une télévision ?
the message	le message
I have some messages for you.	J'ai des messages pour toi.
practical	pratique
It is a very practical phone.	C'est un téléphone très pratique.
The student has a bike and a motorcycle.	L'étudiant a un vélo et une moto.
I have a tablet. It is modern and practical.	J'ai une tablette. Elle est moderne et pratique.
The boy has amusing ideas.	Le garçon a des idées amusantes.
You have a large television at your place.	Tu as une grande télévision chez toi.
He has a message for the teacher.	Il a un message pour le professeur.

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