Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Replacing Objects of "de" with "en"

In French, many verbs and expressions are followed by the preposition **de**, such as **parler de** (to talk about) or **avoir besoin de** (to need).

To replace an inanimate object (a thing or an idea) introduced by **de**, use the pronoun **en**. Depending on the verb, **en** can translate to "of it," "about it," or "from it" in English. Like most pronouns in French, **en** is placed immediately before the conjugated verb.

{{item:877973}}

This rule also applies to adjective phrases followed by **de**, like **être fier de** (to be proud of) or **être sûr de** (to be sure of).

{{item:877975}}

{{item:877991}}

### "En" with Reflexive Verbs

Some reflexive verbs also take **de**, such as **se souvenir de** (to remember) and **s'occuper de** (to take care of).

When using **en** with a reflexive verb, place it right after the reflexive pronoun (**me, te, se, nous, vous, se**) and right before the verb. For example, *je me* becomes **je m'en**.

{{item:878021}}

{{item:877994}}

### "En" with Infinitives

If a sentence has a conjugated verb followed by an infinitive, the pronoun belongs to the infinitive verb. In this case, **en** skips the conjugated verb and is placed directly before the infinitive.

{{item:877978}}

{{item:877980}}

The pronoun 'en' with verbs (en)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and elision (le, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, une)

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Question	Answer
the genealogy	la généalogie
Do you like genealogy? Yes, we talk about it often.	Tu aimes la généalogie ? Oui, nous en parlons souvent.
the heritage (m)	l'héritage
It is our heritage, and we are proud of it.	C'est notre héritage, et nous en sommes fiers.
the archive (f)	l'archive
the ancestor (m)	l'ancêtre
The archives of our ancestors, I would like to discuss them.	Les archives de nos ancêtres, j'aimerais en discuter.
to inherit	hériter
It is the most important heritage, and you are going to inherit it.	C'est l'héritage le plus important, et tu vas en hériter.
the great-grandfather	l'arrière-grand-père
the register	le registre
My great-grandfather had a register, but I no longer remember it.	Mon arrière-grand-père avait un registre, mais je ne m'en souviens plus.
the great-grandmother	l'arrière-grand-mère
My great-grandmother may well have this register, she never talks about it.	Mon arrière-grand-mère a beau avoir ce registre, elle n'en parle jamais.
This old house? My ancestor inherited it.	Cette vieille maison ? Mon ancêtre en a hérité.
You could do genealogy, it is very interesting.	Tu pourrais faire de la généalogie, c'est très intéressant.
We want this archive, but they need it.	Nous voulons cette archive, mais ils en ont besoin.
Your great-grandfather has a secret? Yes, I am sure of it.	Ton arrière-grand-père a un secret ? Oui, j'en suis sûr.
I would like my great-grandmother to find this archive.	J'aimerais que mon arrière-grand-mère trouve cette archive.
Did you open the register? No, I don't need it.	Tu as ouvert le registre ? Non, je n'en ai pas besoin.
It is the most difficult project, but they are proud of it.	C'est le projet le plus difficile, mais ils en sont fiers.
the research	la recherche
Are you taking care of the research? Yes, I am taking care of it.	Est-ce que tu t'occupes de la recherche ? Oui, je m'en occupe.
Is he talking about the research on our family? Yes, he talks about it often.	Est-ce qu'il parle de la recherche sur notre famille ? Oui, il en parle souvent.
genealogical	généalogique
I have a large family tree and we are discussing it.	J'ai un grand arbre généalogique et nous en discutons.
the booklet	le livret
This old family booklet? I remember it very well.	Ce vieux livret de famille ? Je m'en souviens très bien.
to piece together	reconstituer
To piece together our history, we need it.	Pour reconstituer notre histoire, nous en avons besoin.
He wants to piece together his family tree, so he dreams about it.	Il veut reconstituer son arbre généalogique, alors il en rêve.
The register that is in the attic, do you remember it?	Le registre qui est dans le grenier, tu t'en souviens ?
Here is the family record book, we need it.	Voici le livret de famille, nous en avons besoin.