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Most adjectives in French agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. However, there are two major exceptions for colors where the adjective becomes **invariable**, meaning it never changes form.

### Compound Colors

When a color is made of two words to describe a specific shade—like a color plus **clair** (light), **foncé** (dark), **marine** (navy), or **fluo** (neon)—the entire expression is invariable.

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### Colors Derived from Nouns

Colors named after physical objects in the real world (like fruits or gemstones) are also invariable. Common examples include **orange**, **marron** (brown), **turquoise**, and **kaki**.

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### Regular vs. Invariable Colors

When mixing regular colors and invariable colors, notice how regular colors (like **bleu**) still add an **-s** for plural nouns, while compound colors remain unchanged.

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Invariable color adjectives (marron, bleu clair)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Question	Answer
the jersey	le maillot
dark (colors)	foncé
the logo	le logo
Their jerseys are dark green, even if the logo is red.	Leurs maillots sont vert foncé, même si le logo est rouge.
the tracksuit	le survêtement
navy	marine
Our opponents will end up buying navy blue tracksuits.	Nos adversaires finiront par acheter des survêtements bleu marine.
turquoise	turquoise
Are they wearing turquoise shoes for the match?	Portent-elles des chaussures turquoise pour le match ?
the cleat	le crampon
neon	fluo
Your neon yellow cleats are truly magnificent.	Vos crampons jaune fluo sont vraiment magnifiques.
khaki	kaki
orange	orange
Are their socks khaki or rather orange?	Leurs chaussettes sont kaki ou plutôt orange ?
We have blue bags and light blue jerseys.	Nous avons des sacs bleus et des maillots bleu clair.
Did they end up buying these dark brown jackets?	Ont-ils fini par acheter ces vestes marron foncé ?
Their opponents have turquoise and orange logos.	Leurs adversaires ont des logos turquoise et orange.
Even if our skirts are navy blue, we are proud.	Même si nos jupes sont bleu marine, nous sommes fières.
Are they ready to wear khaki tracksuits?	Sont-ils prêts à porter des survêtements kaki ?
Are they buying these neon pink cleats?	Achètent-elles ces crampons rose fluo ?