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To refer to "others" or "other people" in a broad, general sense, French uses the indefinite pronoun **autrui**. It is a formal word often found in moral or legal contexts, making it highly relevant to discussions of digital citizenship.

**Autrui** is invariable (it never changes form) and is grammatically singular, even though it translates to a plural concept.

### Using *autrui* with prepositions

You will most frequently encounter **autrui** after prepositions like **de** (of), **à** (to), or **envers** (towards).

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### Using *autrui* as a direct object

While less common, **autrui** can also function as a direct object. You will often see it paired with verbs that describe how one treats others, such as **dénigrer** (to denigrate) or **insulter** (to insult).

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Indefinite pronoun of general reference (autrui)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Question	Answer
the kindness	la bienveillance
towards (behavior, attitude)	envers
others	autrui
You should always act with kindness towards others.	Tu devrais toujours agir avec bienveillance envers autrui.
the cyberbullying	le cyberharcèlement
Cyberbullying destroys the life of others.	Le cyberharcèlement détruit la vie d'autrui.
the anonymity (m)	l'anonymat
to denigrate	dénigrer
publicly	publiquement
A lot of people use anonymity to publicly denigrate others.	Beaucoup de gens utilisent l'anonymat pour dénigrer autrui publiquement.
to insult	insulter
He insulted the members, so the network deleted his profile.	Il a insulté les membres, de sorte que le réseau a supprimé son profil.
the pseudonym	le pseudonyme
You should use a pseudonym, but without insulting others.	Vous devriez utiliser un pseudonyme, mais sans insulter autrui.
On the other hand, anonymity never truly hides cyberbullying.	En revanche, l'anonymat ne cache jamais vraiment le cyberharcèlement.
She chooses this pseudonym so that nobody recognizes her.	Elle choisit ce pseudonyme de façon que personne ne la reconnaisse.
the hate	la haine
The hate went too far on the forum.	La haine est allée trop loin sur le forum.
You should show more kindness towards the members.	Tu devrais montrer plus de bienveillance envers les membres.
On the other hand, it is forbidden to insult or denigrate others.	Par contre, il est interdit d'insulter ou de dénigrer autrui.
He publicly expresses his hatred towards others.	Il exprime publiquement sa haine envers autrui.