Breakdown of Poika kammoksuu verta, neuloista puhumattakaan.
poika
boy
veri
blood
puhumattakaan
not to mention
kammoksua
to dread
neula
needle
Questions & Answers about Poika kammoksuu verta, neuloista puhumattakaan.
Why is neuloista in the elative case here instead of the partitive like verta?
The phrase puhumattakaan (not to mention) always requires the word attached to it to be in the elative case (ending in -sta or -stä). This is because it literally means "without even speaking about" something. Here, "about needles" translates to the elative neuloista.
How is the word puhumattakaan built grammatically?
Why does kammoksua take the partitive object verta?
Kammoksua (to dread or loathe) is a verb of emotion. Just like rakastaa (to love) or pelätä (to fear), verbs that express ongoing feelings directed at something require their object to be in the partitive case.
Is the verb kammoksua related to the noun kammo (phobia)?
Yes! You can often turn a noun or adjective into a verb of feeling or attitude by adding the suffix -ksu- or -ksy-. Here, kammo (terror or phobia) becomes kammoksua (to dread). Another common example is paha (bad) becoming paheksua (to disapprove).
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