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Finnish

In English, we often use "let" to express a wish, a decree, or a command directed at a third party (e.g., "Let the games begin!"). In Finnish, this is done using a special third-person imperative form known as the **jussiivi**.

It is the perfect grammatical tool for tabletop roleplaying games, allowing you to grant dramatic boons or cast powerful curses!

### Singular Commands (-koon / -köön)

To issue a command or wish for a singular third-person subject, use the suffix **-koon** or **-köön**.

To find the correct stem, modify the dictionary form (infinitive) based on the verb type:

- Type 1 (*murtua*): drop the final **-a/-ä** -> **murtukoon** (let it break)
- Type 3 (*totella*): drop **-la/-lä** -> **totelkoon** (let him/her obey)
- Type 4 (*siunata*): drop the final **-a/-ä** -> **siunatkoon** (let him/her bless)

Remember to follow vowel harmony when choosing between **-koon** and **-köön**.

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### Plural Commands (-koot / -kööt)

If the command is directed at multiple people or things, replace the final **-n** with a **-t**. The plural suffixes are **-koot** and **-kööt**.

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### Combining Decrees

You can easily string these dramatic commands together to make your spells and decrees even more epic. They also work seamlessly alongside relative clauses, using words like *jonka* (whose).

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Third-person commands (-koon / -köön)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
wizard	velho
to bless	siunata
realm	valtakunta
Let the wizard bless the realm.	Velho siunatkoon valtakuntaa.
curse	kirous
to break (intransitive)	murtua
Let the curse break!	Kirous murtukoon!
Let the trolls and witches flee!	Peikot ja noidat paetkoot!
to be destroyed	tuhoutua
Let the enemy's realm be destroyed!	Vihollisen valtakunta tuhoutukoon!
dwarf	kääpiö
to obey	totella
Let the dwarf obey the king, whose sword is heavy.	Kääpiö totelkoon kuningasta, jonka miekka on painava.
elf (fantasy, nature spirit)	haltia
Let the wizard bless the elves, whose forest is burning.	Velho siunatkoon haltioita, joiden metsä palaa.
Let the monster disappear into the cave!	Hirviö kadotkoon luolaan!
Let the curse be destroyed and let the king live!	Kirous tuhoutukoon ja kuningas eläköön!
I wonder if the dragon will awaken soon?	Herääköhän lohikäärme pian?
Let the mysterious portal open!	Salaperäinen portaali avautukoon!
I do not need to obey the wizard.	Minun ei tarvitse totella velhoa.
The hero does not need to flee.	Sankarin ei tarvitse paeta.
The witch is probably preparing a potion.	Noita taitaa valmistaa taikajuomaa.
to kneel	polvistua
Let the elf kneel and let the curse break!	Haltia polvistukoon ja kirous murtukoon!
Let the dwarf kneel before the king.	Kääpiö polvistukoon kuninkaan edessä.