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The agent participle (*-ma* / *-mä*) is used to describe a noun by stating *who* performed an action on it. It translates roughly to "done by [someone]" and functions exactly like an adjective. This structure is perfect for describing homemade food and handmade crafts.

### Nouns as Agents

When a specific person (like mother or grandmother) did the action, put their name or title in the **genitive case** (ending in *-n*), followed by the agent participle and the noun it describes.

**Genitive Subject + Agent Participle (*-ma*/*-mä*) + Noun**

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Because the agent participle acts exactly like an adjective, it must agree with the noun it modifies in both number and case. 

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Notice how *neuloma* becomes *neulomat* to match the plural noun *villasukat*.

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Here, the participle takes the partitive plural ending to match *omenia*.

### Pronouns as Agents

When the agent is a personal pronoun (I, you, we, etc.), you still use the genitive pronoun (*minun*, *sinun*, *meidän*). However, a strict rule applies: you must also attach a **possessive suffix** to the end of the participle.

**Genitive Pronoun + Agent Participle + Possessive Suffix + Noun**

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Notice how the possessive suffix (*-ni*, *-si*, *-mme*) is always attached directly to the end of the participle, matching the genitive pronoun at the start of the phrase.

The agent participle (-ma/-mä)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
pie	piirakka
tasty	maukas
The pie baked by mother is really tasty.	Äidin leipoma piirakka on todella maukas.
Isn't the pie baked by her ready yet?	Eikö hänen leipomansa piirakka ole vielä valmis?
recipe	resepti
This is the recipe written by me, which is really easy.	Tämä on minun kirjoittamani resepti, joka on todella helppo.
Isn't this the recipe written by grandmother?	Eikö tämä ole isoäidin kirjoittama resepti?
to sew	ommella
dress	mekko
The dress sewn by me is red.	Minun ompelemani mekko on punainen.
Is that the coat sewn by mother?	Onko tuo äidin ompelema takki?
woolen sock	villasukka
The dress and woolen socks bought by me are in the closet.	Minun ostamani mekko ja villasukat ovat kaapissa.
The woolen socks knitted by grandmother are on the table.	Isoäidin neulomat villasukat ovat pöydällä.
to pick	poimia
berry	marja
The berries picked by us are on the plate.	Meidän poimimamme marjat ovat lautasella.
Isn't this the mushroom picked by you?	Eikö tämä ole sinun poimimasi sieni?
to grow (something)	kasvattaa
We are eating the apples grown by grandfather.	Me syömme isoisän kasvattamia omenia.
Are the tomatoes grown by you so tasty?	Ovatko sinun kasvattamasi tomaatit niin maukkaita?
jam	hillo
Isn't the jam made by father on the shelf?	Eikö isän tekemä hillo ole hyllyllä?
The jam made by me is really tasty.	Minun tekemäni hillo on todella maukasta.
The berries picked by mother are delicious.	Äidin poimimat marjat ovat herkullisia.
blueberry	mustikka
The blueberries picked by us are delicious.	Meidän poimimamme mustikat ovat herkullisia.
The blueberry is a blue berry.	Mustikka on sininen marja.
strawberry	mansikka
The strawberries picked by mother are on the table.	Äidin poimimat mansikat ovat pöydällä.
The strawberry is red and sweet.	Mansikka on punainen ja makea.
pear	päärynä
The pear is a fruit that grandfather grew.	Päärynä on hedelmä, jonka isoisä kasvatti.
I eat a pear and an apple.	Syön päärynän ja omenan.

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