Referring back with se

Se Looks Back

You met se in the very first lesson as it / that. Its bigger job is holding a TEXT together: once a thing has been mentioned, Finnish refers back to it with se — where English says it, Finnish never repeats the noun.

Ostin uuden puhelimen. Se oli kallis.I bought a new phone. It was expensive.
Missä laukku on? Se on autossa.Where is the bag? It is in the car.

Se inflects like any noun as it looks back: sen (its), sitä, siitä, sillä… — the case comes from the new sentence, not from the old one.

I bought a new phone. It was expensive.
Ostin uuden puhelimen. Se oli kallis.

Se for things, hän for people

In written Finnish se looks back at things and matters; people get hän. (Spoken Finnish bends this — you will meet se for people in the spoken-language block at B1.)

We talked about the problem. It is not big.
Puhuimme ongelmasta. Se ei ole iso.

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