Passive outcomes (tulla -ksi)

Use the verb tulla (to become) with a passive past participle to describe being on the receiving end of an action, such as getting promoted or being seen. This construction emphasizes the experience or outcome for the subject.

Forming the Construction

This construction requires two components:

• The verb tulla conjugated to match the subject (or left in the infinitive if another verb requires it).
• The passive past participle of the action verb in the translative case (-ksi).

To form the participle, add the translative ending -ksi to the passive past participle (which usually ends in -tu/-ty or -ttu/-tty).

Because -ksi closes the final syllable, it triggers consonant gradation in the participle's ending. For example:

• tt weakens to t (e.g., sivuutettu → sivuutetuksi, erotettu → erotetuksi).
• t weakens to d (e.g., nähty → nähdyksi).
• lt assimilates to ll (e.g., kohdeltu → kohdelluksi).

Expressing Desires and Fears

You will often see this construction paired with verbs like haluta (to want) or pelätä (to fear). In these cases, conjugate the first verb and leave tulla in its basic dictionary form.

Describing Past Outcomes

To describe an event that actually occurred, conjugate tulla to match the subject and tense (e.g., tuli for "got" or "became").

Adding Detail and Context

Adverbs (like julkisesti or oikeudenmukaisesti) are often placed right before the participle to describe how the action is received. You can also contrast different passive experiences by linking them together.