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Finnish

### Making a Change (tehdä + -ksi)

In Finnish, when you want to say that an action causes someone or something to enter a new state—such as making a day special or making a trip unforgettable—you use the verb *tehdä* (to make) alongside the **translative case**.

The translative case indicates a change into a new condition. It is formed by adding the ending **-ksi** to an adjective or noun.

**[tehdä] + [Object] + [Adjective in Translative]**

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### Cheering Up and Comforting

Before looking at how to change a person's mood with *tehdä*, let's look at two common verbs used for acts of kindness: *piristää* (to cheer up) and *lohduttaa* (to comfort). These verbs directly take a partitive object (such as *minua* or *häntä*).

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Often, you will see these verbs combined with a *tehdä* clause to explain the final result of the comforting action.

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### Making Someone Feel Something

When using *tehdä* to describe changing a person's mood, the person is the direct object. Personal pronouns usually appear in their accusative forms (like *sinut*, *hänet*, or *teidät*). 

If the object is plural, remember that the translative adjective must also be plural. For example, when the object is *teidät* (you all), the adjective *toiveikas* (hopeful) becomes *toiveikkaiksi*.

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Making someone something (tehdä -ksi)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
act	teko
special	erityinen
This good deed made the day special.	Tämä hyvä teko teki päivän erityiseksi.
treat	herkku
to cheer up	piristää
A sweet treat often cheers me up.	Makea herkku piristää minua usein.
hug	halaus
to comfort	lohduttaa
peaceful	levollinen
A warm hug comforted him and made him peaceful.	Lämmin halaus lohdutti häntä ja teki hänet levolliseksi.
favor	palvelus
unforgettable	unohtumaton
The big favor made the trip unforgettable.	Suuri palvelus teki matkan unohtumattomaksi.
hopeful	toiveikas
The news made you hopeful.	Uutinen teki teidät toiveikkaiksi.
Nothing cheers me up as quickly as you.	Mikään ei piristä minua yhtä nopeasti kuin sinä.
I want to comfort you and make you hopeful again.	Haluan lohduttaa sinua ja tehdä sinut taas toiveikkaaksi.
Even a small hug can make a sad friend happy.	Pienikin halaus voi tehdä surullisen ystävän iloiseksi.
I did him a favor, because every good deed is important.	Tein hänelle palveluksen, koska jokainen hyvä teko on tärkeä.
This unforgettable treat made the evening special.	Tämä unohtumaton herkku teki illan erityiseksi.
Does nature make you as peaceful as it makes me?	Tekeekö luonto sinut yhtä levolliseksi kuin minut?
That brave act made the whole year unforgettable.	Tuo rohkea teko teki koko vuoden unohtumattomaksi.