Instrument nouns (-in)

Tools and Instruments: The -in Suffix

In Finnish, you can turn a verb into a physical tool or instrument by adding the suffix -in to the verb stem.

For example, kytkeä (to connect) becomes kytkin (a switch), and katkaista (to cut or break) becomes katkaisin (a light switch).

Where is the machine's switch?
Missä koneen kytkin on?

The -ime- Stem

For most case endings, such as plurals or location cases, the -in ending changes to the stem -ime-.

In these devices, the switches are small.
Näissä laitteissa kytkimet ovat pieniä.
Do not touch the light switch with dirty hands!
Älä koske katkaisimeen likaisilla käsillä!

Other common household appliances formed this way include tuuletin (a fan, from tuulettaa) and lämmitin (a heater, from lämmittää).

When leaving the room, I turn off the fan from the switch.
Poistuessani huoneesta sammutan tuulettimen katkaisimesta.

The Partitive Exception: -inta / -intä

The partitive case does not use the -ime- stem. Instead, attach -ta or -tä directly to the basic nominative form, resulting in -inta or -intä.

In the summer we need a fan, but in the winter a heater.
Kesällä tarvitsemme tuuletinta, mutta talvella lämmitintä.
I press the switch, but the fan does not work.
Painan kytkintä, mutta tuuletin ei toimi.

Everyday Gadgets

This pattern applies to a huge variety of objects. Soittaa (to play music) gives us soitin (a musical instrument), and vatkata (to whip) gives us vatkain (a mixer).

The mixer is not a musical instrument.
Vatkain ei ole soitin.

Notice that cases using the -ime- stem often trigger the strong consonant grade. For example, the genitive of suodatin (a filter) is suodattimen.

While making coffee, I change the filter.
Tehdessäni kahvia vaihdan suodattimen.

You will also see this suffix in technical and beauty gadgets, like ilmaisin (a detector), kiharrin (a curling iron), and teroitin (a sharpener).

The detector is located next to the light switch.
Ilmaisin sijaitsee katkaisimen vieressä.
I bought a new curling iron and a sharpener from the store.
Ostin kaupasta uuden kihartimen ja teroittimen.