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Danish

### Dental Care and Noun Genders

To build your everyday vocabulary, let's look at items used for personal hygiene. Most bathroom items in Danish are common (**en**) nouns. This includes:

- **En tandbørste** (a toothbrush)
- **En tandpasta** (a toothpaste)

When talking about things that belong to you or someone else, use the common possessive pronouns **min** (my) and **din** (your).

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Remember that common nouns form their definite "the" state by adding the suffix **-en**, and adjectives modifying them simply use their base forms.

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### Soap and Towels

Not all bathroom items are common nouns. While **en sæbe** (a soap) takes the common **-en** suffix, **et håndklæde** (a towel) is a neuter noun, so its definite form ends in **-et**.

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Because **håndklæde** is neuter, possessive pronouns must also match its gender. Notice how "my towel" uses the neuter possessive **mit** instead of **min**.

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### Hair Care and Reflexives

For your hair, you will use **en kam** (a comb), **en børste** (a brush), or **en shampoo** (a shampoo). All of these are common nouns.

If a third-person subject is interacting with *their own* item, you must use the reflexive possessive **sin** (his/her/its own) because the nouns are common gender.

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If the items belong to someone else, you switch back to standard possessives.

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### The Shower Routine

Finally, you will often refer to the shower itself: **en bruser**. You can seamlessly combine these new vocabulary words with location phrases and action verbs you already know, like washing, finding, and even singing.

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Personal Hygiene

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Future with present tense

Question	Answer
the toothbrush	tandbørsten
the toothpaste	tandpastaen
Where is my toothbrush and your toothpaste?	Hvor er min tandbørste og din tandpasta?
the soap	sæben
the towel	håndklædet
I must use the soap and the towel now.	Jeg skal bruge sæben og håndklædet nu.
the comb	kammen
the brush	børsten
The girl finds her comb and her brush.	Pigen finder sin kam og sin børste.
the shampoo	shampooen
He is angry because he does not have the shampoo.	Han er sur fordi han ikke har shampooen.
the shower	bruseren
The shower is in the bathroom.	Bruseren er på badeværelset.
Who is taking my towel?	Hvem tager mit håndklæde?
The boy must wash his face, but he cannot find the soap.	Drengen skal vaske ansigtet, men han kan ikke finde sæben.
The wife buys a blue toothbrush and the toothpaste.	Konen køber en blå tandbørste og tandpastaen.
The man sings in the shower because he is happy.	Manden synger i bruseren fordi han er glad.
The doctor says that the shampoo is good.	Lægen siger at shampooen er god.
The dog is eating my brush and your comb!	Hunden spiser min børste og din kam!
the bath (a bath or a shower)	badet
I take a bath in the evening.	Jeg tager et bad om aftenen.
After my bath I put on clean clothes.	Efter badet tager jeg rent tøj på.

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