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Danish

### Fixed prepositions for abstract nouns

When talking about abstract concepts like psychology, society, or personal beliefs, nouns are often followed by a specific preposition. These noun-preposition pairings are fixed, and because prepositions rarely map perfectly between languages, you cannot always translate them directly from English.

For example, in English you have a "belief in" something, but in Danish you have a *tro på* something. You must learn these prepositions as part of the noun's vocabulary.

### Belief, knowledge, and influence: *på* and *til*

When expressing faith, belief, or influence, Danish uses *på* (literally "on"). For knowledge and familiarity, you will use *til* (literally "to"). 

- *indflydelse på* (influence on)
- *tro på* (belief in / faith in)
- *kendskab til* (knowledge of)

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### Hopes, doubts, and fears: *om* and *for*

When discussing anticipation, expectations, or uncertainty, *om* (about/of) is very common. However, when talking about fear, Danish uses *for*.

- *frygt for* (fear of)
- *tvivl om* (doubt about)
- *håb om* (hope of)

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### Attitudes and reactions: *mod*, *for*, and *af*

Finally, when expressing your stance toward a person, group, or idea, you will see a mix of prepositions. Opposition or bias usually takes *mod* (against/toward), sympathy takes *for*, and impressions take *af* (of).

- *modstand mod* (resistance to)
- *fordom mod* (prejudice against)
- *sympati for* (sympathy for)
- *indtryk af* (impression of)

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Nouns with specific prepositions

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Personal Hygiene

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Question	Answer
the influence	indflydelsen
Their influence on society is not always good.	Deres indflydelse på samfundet er ikke altid god.
the belief	troen
She has lost faith in the future.	Hun har mistet troen på fremtiden.
the knowledge	kendskabet
particularly, especially	særlig
Our knowledge of the culture is not particularly great.	Vores kendskab til kulturen er ikke særlig stort.
the fear	frygten
His fear of the future is too great.	Hans frygt for fremtiden er for stor.
the doubt	tvivlen
The doubt about the truth is not the biggest problem.	Tvivlen om sandheden er ikke det største problem.
the hope	håbet
The hope of peace in the world is important.	Håbet om fred i verden er vigtigt.
the resistance	modstanden
Their resistance to the change is a result of fear.	Deres modstand mod forandringen er et resultat af frygten.
the prejudice	fordommen
Do you still have the same prejudice against the culture?	Har du stadig den samme fordom mod kulturen?
the sympathy	sympatien
She does not have much sympathy for the perpetrator.	Hun har ikke meget sympati for gerningsmanden.
the impression	indtrykket
My first impression of her was not very good.	Mit første indtryk af hende var ikke særlig godt.
The doubt about his guilt changed my impression of the situation.	Tvivlen om hans skyld ændrede mit indtryk af situationen.
We do not have time to think about our influence on the environment.	Vi har ikke tid til at tænke på vores indflydelse på miljøet.
We usually use our knowledge of the language.	Vi plejer at bruge vores kendskab til sproget.
His belief in the truth is the most important thing.	Hans tro på sandheden er det vigtigste.
They do not have any hope of surviving.	De har ikke noget håb om at overleve.
The teacher wanted to defend them against the prejudice.	Læreren ville forsvare dem mod fordommen.
We saw them hide their sympathy for the enemy.	Vi så dem skjule deres sympati for fjenden.
The resistance to the project is too great.	Modstanden mod projektet er for stor.