Expand your Danish vocabulary by turning words you already know into abstract nouns using three common suffixes.
Transforming Adjectives: "-hed"
Add -hed to an adjective to form an abstract noun (similar to the English "-ness" or "-ity"):
- virkelig (real) becomes virkelighed (reality)
- ensom (lonely) becomes ensomhed (loneliness)
- vigtig (important) becomes vigtighed (importance)
| Loneliness is a very sad feeling. | Ensomhed er en meget trist følelse. |
Transforming Verbs: "-ning" and "-else"
Turn verbs into nouns describing an action, process, or result by adding -ning (or -ing) or -else (similar to "-tion", "-ment", or "-ing"):
- forvente (to expect) becomes forventning (expectation)
- skabe (to create) becomes skabelse (creation)
- skuffe (to disappoint) becomes skuffelse (disappointment)
| The expectation is often better than the reality. | Forventningen er ofte bedre end virkeligheden. |
Gender and Definite Forms
Almost all nouns ending in -hed, -ning, or -else are common gender (en).
To make them definite, add -en. For words ending in -else, drop the final -e first (so skabelse becomes skabelsen).
| We do not know what the meaning of the creation is. | Vi ved ikke hvad meningen med skabelsen er. |
| The teacher explains the importance of modern thinking. | Læreren forklarer vigtigheden af moderne tænkning. |
| He hid the disappointment behind his pride. | Han skjulte skuffelsen bag sin stolthed. |
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