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Danish

### Present Participle Compounds

Danish is highly productive with compound words. You can create rich, descriptive adjectives by combining a noun, adverb, or adjective with a participle.

When you combine a word with a **present participle** (ending in **-ende**), the resulting adjective describes what something *does* (an active effect). 

For example, *fugt* (moisture) + *givende* (giving) becomes *fugtgivende* (moisturizing):

{{item:1215967}}

Similarly, *vel* (well) + *duftende* (smelling) becomes *velduftende* (fragrant), and *dybde* (depth) + *rensende* (cleansing) becomes *dybderensende* (deep-cleansing).

{{item:1215964}}

{{item:1215972}}

Adjectives ending in **-ende** are invariable. They never add an *-e* or a *-t*, regardless of the gender, number, or definiteness of the noun they describe:

{{item:1215984}}

### Past Participle Compounds

You can also create compound adjectives using a **past participle** (usually ending in **-et**). These describe what has been *done* to the subject (a passive state).

For instance, *kold* (cold) + *presset* (pressed) becomes *koldpresset* (cold-pressed):

{{item:1215978}}

Another common example is *hjemme* (home) + *lavet* (made) to form *hjemmelavet* (homemade):

{{item:1215982}}

Unlike **-ende** adjectives, past participle compounds inflect to match the noun. In the plural or definite form, a word like *hjemmelavet* drops its final *-t* and adds an *-e* (becoming *hjemmelavede*):

{{item:1215981}}

Compound adjectives

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Personal Hygiene

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Question	Answer
the serum	serummet
fragrant	velduftende
Is your new serum really that fragrant?	Er dit nye serum virkelig så velduftende?
moisturizing	fugtgivende
He is trying out a very moisturizing serum.	Han står og prøver et meget fugtgivende serum.
You should use a moisturizing cream in the morning.	Du skal bruge en fugtgivende creme om morgenen.
the wrinkle	rynken
The expensive cream does not remove my wrinkles.	Den dyre creme fjerner ikke mine rynker.
deep-cleansing	dybderensende
the face mask	ansigtsmasken
Do they sell a deep-cleansing face mask for wrinkles?	Sælger de en dybderensende ansigtsmaske mod rynker?
My deep-cleansing face mask is a bit too strong.	Min dybderensende ansigtsmaske er lige lovlig stærk.
the consistency	konsistensen
I like the consistency of the fragrant cream best.	Jeg kan bedst lide konsistensen på den velduftende creme.
The consistency seems thick, but the cream is very light.	Konsistensen virker tyk, men cremen er meget let.
cold-pressed	koldpresset
She is applying cold-pressed oil to her skin.	Hun sidder og smører koldpresset olie på sin hud.
Cold-pressed oil makes the consistency very soft.	Koldpresset olie gør konsistensen meget blød.
homemade	hjemmelavet
Is that homemade face mask good for wrinkles?	Er den der hjemmelavede ansigtsmaske god mod rynker?
My brother often makes a homemade face mask.	Min bror laver ofte en hjemmelavet ansigtsmaske.
quick-drying	hurtigtørrende
This serum is neither moisturizing nor quick-drying.	Dette serum er hverken fugtgivende eller hurtigtørrende.
My quick-drying face mask is a bit too tight.	Min hurtigtørrende ansigtsmaske er lige lovlig stram.