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Danish

### "Whole" vs. "All"

When talking about quantities, Danish makes a strict distinction between the entirety of a single countable unit ("the whole cake") and a total amount of a mass or plural ("all the food", "all the leftovers").

### The Whole Entirety (*Hel / Helt / Hele*)

To describe the entirety of a singular unit, use **hel**. It agrees with the gender and definiteness of the noun it describes.

| Form | Used For | Example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **hel** | Common gender, indefinite | en hel laks (a whole salmon) |
| **helt** | Neuter gender, indefinite | et helt fad (a whole platter) |
| **hele** | Definite (both genders) | hele banketten (the whole banquet) |

Notice that the definite form **hele** stands directly before the definite noun, mirroring the English structure "the whole...".

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### Mass and Plural Totality (*Al / Alt / Alle*)

To express "all" of an uncountable mass (like caviar) or a plural group (like leftovers), use **al**. It changes form based on the noun's gender or number.

| Form | Used For | Example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **al** | Common gender, mass noun | al kaviaren (all the caviar) |
| **alt** | Neuter gender, mass noun | alt kødet (all the meat) |
| **alle** | Plural nouns | alle resterne (all the leftovers) |

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### Comparing the Two

A "whole" salmon is a single, intact fish (**hele laksen**), whereas "all" the leftovers refers to a plural collection (**alle resterne**).

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All vs. whole (al/alt/alle vs. hel/helt/hele)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Personal Hygiene

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Question	Answer
the banquet	banketten
We must make the whole banquet ready before tomorrow.	Vi skal gøre hele banketten klar inden i morgen.
the caviar	kaviaren
the dining hall	spisesalen
You cannot serve all the caviar in the dining hall!	Du kan ikke servere al kaviaren i spisesalen!
the salmon	laksen
the buffet	buffeten
the leftovers	resterne
Is the whole salmon for the buffet or just all the leftovers?	Er hele laksen til buffeten eller kun alle resterne?
the wedding cake	bryllupskagen
Did she really eat the whole wedding cake?	Spiste hun virkelig hele bryllupskagen?
the platter	fadet
Fetch the whole platter with the baked salmon!	Hent hele fadet med den bagte laks!
the crew (team of workers)	mandskabet
the delivery	leverancen
The whole crew usually checks the whole delivery.	Hele mandskabet plejer at tjekke hele leverancen.
The chef throws all the meat and all the food from the buffet out.	Kokken smider alt kødet og al maden fra buffeten ud.
We must not throw all the caviar and all the leftovers away.	Vi må ikke smide al kaviaren og alle resterne væk.
Can the whole crew clean the whole dining hall?	Kan hele mandskabet gøre hele spisesalen ren?
He got a whole platter with cheese in the delivery.	Han fik et helt fad med ost i leverancen.
They will get the waiter to serve a whole wedding cake.	De vil få tjeneren til at servere en hel bryllupskage.
The chef arranges the whole banquet, and the waiters serve all the food.	Kokken arrangerer hele banketten, og tjenerne serverer al maden.