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Danish

### The "Tough" Construction

In English, we often say things like "The book is easy to read." Danish uses the exact same structure: the subject is followed by **er** (is), an adjective, the word **at**, and finally an active infinitive verb.

Even though the verb is active, it carries a passive meaning—the subject is the thing *being* read, deciphered, or operated.

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### Adding "For Someone"

If you want to specify exactly *who* the action is easy or difficult for, place **for** and a pronoun immediately after the adjective.

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### Evaluating Software and Instructions

This grammatical structure is incredibly common when evaluating how user-friendly tasks, tools, and manuals are. Adjectives like **kompliceret** (complicated) or **overskuelig** (straightforward/clear) pair perfectly with this pattern.

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### Figuring Out Problems

When dealing with abstract issues or tricky error messages, verbs like **gennemskue** (to figure out) and **håndtere** (to handle) are very useful at the end of these sentences.

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Adjectives with infinitives (let at læse)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Personal Hygiene

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Question	Answer
to decipher	tyde
The letter is hard to decipher.	Brevet er svært at tyde.
The text is not easy to decipher.	Teksten er ikke let at tyde.
the manual	manualen
The manual is easy for her to read.	Manualen er nem for hende at læse.
She looks as if she understands the manual.	Hun ser ud som om hun forstår manualen.
to operate	betjene
The machine is dangerous to operate.	Maskinen er farlig at betjene.
The machine is both old and hard to operate.	Maskinen er både gammel og svær at betjene.
the software	softwaren
The software is complicated to install.	Softwaren er kompliceret at installere.
The new software looks as if it is easy to use.	Den nye software ser ud som om den er let at bruge.
clear (manageable, well-organized)	overskuelig
The manual is straightforward to read.	Manualen er overskuelig at læse.
I suppose the manual is clear even though it is long.	Manualen er vist overskuelig selvom den er lang.
the user manual	brugsanvisningen
The user manual is boring to read.	Brugsanvisningen er kedelig at læse.
The user manual is impossible to decipher.	Brugsanvisningen er umulig at tyde.
The rule is hard for him to explain.	Reglen er svær for ham at forklare.
to figure out	gennemskue
The problem is hard to figure out.	Problemet er svært at gennemskue.
The situation is more complicated to figure out now.	Situationen er mere kompliceret at gennemskue nu.
the error message	fejlmeldingen
The error message is annoying to get.	Fejlmeldingen er irriterende at få.
Is the error message impossible to figure out?	Er fejlmeldingen umulig at gennemskue?
to handle	håndtere
The situation is difficult to handle.	Situationen er svær at håndtere.
Do not handle the dangerous machine!	Lad være med at håndtere den farlige maskine!
The error message is easy to handle.	Fejlmeldingen er nem at håndtere.
incomprehensible	uforståelig
The instruction manual is incomprehensible to read.	Brugsanvisningen er uforståelig at læse.
The error message is incomprehensible to figure out.	Fejlmeldingen er uforståelig at gennemskue.