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Questions & Answers about Jeo sam sendvič u vlaku.
Why is it "u vlaku" (in the train) when the English translation says "on the train"?
Languages often use prepositions differently! In Croatian, you use u (in) for enclosed vehicles you travel inside, like a train (vlak), car, or bus. You only use na (on) for open vehicles like a bicycle, or for surfaces. Also, vlaku has an -u ending because the preposition u showing location triggers the locative case.
Does sendvič change its ending here since it is the direct object?
It doesn't look like it, but it actually is in the accusative case! For masculine nouns, Croatian splits them into living (people and animals) and non-living (objects). Because a sandwich is a non-living object, its accusative form is exactly the same as its dictionary form: sendvič.
How do we know the gender of the speaker from Jeo sam?
The word jeo is the masculine past tense form of the verb jesti (to eat). Because it ends in -o, we know the speaker is male. If a woman were saying this, she would use the feminine ending -la and say Jela sam sendvič u vlaku.
Where is the word for "I" in this sentence?
It is intentionally left out. In Croatian, the pronoun ja (I) is usually dropped because the helping verb sam (am) already tells us it is the first person singular. You would only add ja at the beginning if you wanted to emphasize that you were the one eating the sandwich.