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Croatian

When you do something to someone—like inviting, greeting, or meeting them—that person is the direct object of the sentence. To avoid repeating their name or title, we use accusative object pronouns like "him," "her," "us," or "them."

### Accusative Pronouns

Croatian has both long and short forms for these pronouns. In everyday speech, the short (clitic) forms are used almost exclusively unless you are heavily emphasizing the person.

| English | Croatian |
|---|---|
| me | me |
| you (singular) | te |
| him / it | ga |
| her / it | je (or ju) |
| us | nas |
| you (plural / formal) | vas |
| them | ih |

### Word Order: The Second Position

These short pronouns are "clitics," meaning they do not carry their own stress and must lean on the words around them. Because of this, they follow a strict word order rule: they almost always sit in the **second position** of a sentence or clause, directly after the first stressed word or phrase (such as a time word, a subject, or a verb).

### Using "nas" (us) and "vas" (you)

Here is how you use the accusative forms for "us" and "you" in a sentence. Notice how **vas** and **nas** lock into the second position, right after the time word (*Večeras*) or the subject (*Oni*).

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### Using "ga" (him) and "ih" (them)

You can smoothly replace full nouns with **ga** (him) or **ih** (them) to avoid repetition. For example, if you are talking about a group of guests, you can refer back to them using **ih**.

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Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Plural instrumental nouns (-ima, -ama)

Question	Answer
you (accusative/genitive)	vas
to invite	zvati
dinner	večera
I am inviting you to dinner tonight.	Večeras vas zovem na večeru.
us	nas
party	zabava
They are inviting us to the party.	Oni nas zovu na zabavu.
them	ih
to meet	upoznati
I want to meet them today.	Danas ih želim upoznati.
guest	gost
to greet	pozdraviti
The guests are here and I want to greet them.	Gosti su ovdje i želim ih pozdraviti.
The teacher wants to greet you.	Učitelj vas želi pozdraviti.
The new guests are waiting for us outside.	Novi gosti nas čekaju vani.
We are going to dinner because we want to meet them.	Idemo na večeru jer ih želimo upoznati.
I am going to the party, but I do not see him there.	Idem na zabavu, ali ga tamo ne vidim.