Breakdown of هؤلاء هم الطلاب الذين نجحوا في الامتحان.
الal
the
طالبtâlib
student
همhum
they
هؤلاءhâ'ulâ'i
these (human plural)
امتحانimtihân
exam
نجح فيnajaha fi
to succeed in
الذينalladhîna
who (m. pl.)
Questions & Answers about هؤلاء هم الطلاب الذين نجحوا في الامتحان.
Why do we use الذين here instead of the singular الذي?
The relative pronoun has to match the noun it refers back to. Because الطلاب (the students) is a human plural, we use the plural relative pronoun الذين (who). If it were just one student, it would be الذي.
Why is the word هم (they) stuck in the middle of "These are the students"?
In Arabic, there is no present tense verb for "to be" (like "are"). To say "These ARE the students" instead of just "These students...", we insert the matching pronoun هم (they) as a bridge. This acts like an equals sign between two definite words.
Why is there an unpronounced alif at the very end of نجحوا?
The verb نجحوا (they passed) is in the past tense. When a past tense verb ends in a waw (و) to show that a plural "they" did the action, Arabic spelling rules require adding a silent alif (ا) right after it.
In English we just say "passed the exam." Why is there a في (in) before الامتحان?
Verbs in Arabic often pair with specific prepositions that do not match English perfectly. The verb نجح literally means "to succeed", so in Arabic you always say that someone "succeeded in" (نجح في) a test or a class.
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