Learn Arabic (Modern Standard): هذه الملعقة للطعام.

The word for "the food" is الطعام. When you attach the preposition لـ (li-, meaning "for") to a word that starts with الـ (al-), the alif (ا) is dropped entirely in the spelling. So, لـ + الطعام becomes للطعام.

How do I pronounce للطعام? Do I say both "L" sounds?

You only pronounce the first "L" (the لـ meaning "for"). Because the letter ط is a "sun letter," the "L" of the "the" (الـ) is silent, and the ط sound is doubled. So it is pronounced "li-t-ta'aam".

Why does هذه الملعقة mean "This spoon" instead of "This is the spoon"?

In Arabic, when a demonstrative word like هذه (this) is followed directly by a word with الـ (the), they stick together to form a phrase: "This spoon". If you wanted to say "This is a spoon", you would drop the الـ and say هذه ملعقة.

There is no word for "is" in this Arabic sentence. How do we know it means "This spoon IS for the food"?

Arabic doesn't use a present tense word for "is" or "are". Instead, you just put the subject (هذه الملعقة, "this spoon") next to the information about it (للطعام, "for the food"). The "is" is naturally understood from the two parts being placed together.