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When troubleshooting a system, you often observe a problem and draw a logical conclusion. In Arabic, to express "therefore," "in that case," or "then" as a logical result, use the particle **إذن** (sometimes written as **إذًا**).

### The Subjunctive Mood with إذن

The particle **إذن** is placed at the beginning of the concluding clause. When it is followed directly by a present-tense verb, it triggers the **Subjunctive** mood.

Here is how the subjunctive changes the end of the verb:
- For standard singular forms (I, you masculine, he, she) and "we", the final vowel changes from a *damma* (ـُ) to a *fatha* (ـَ).
- For forms ending in the letter *nuun* (ن) — such as you (feminine singular), all dual forms, and masculine plurals — the *nuun* is dropped.
- When dropping the *nuun* from a masculine plural verb (which normally ends in ـون), you must add a silent *alif* (ا) at the end, resulting in (ـوا).

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Notice in the example above how the verb for "you all sync" normally ends in a *nuun* (تزامنون), but loses it to become (تزامنوا) after **إذن**.

### Using إذن with the Negative لا

If your logical conclusion is a negative action ("therefore, you will *not*..."), place the negative particle **لا** immediately after **إذن**. The verb that follows still takes the subjunctive mood.

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When an object pronoun is attached to a plural verb that has dropped its *nuun*, the silent *alif* is omitted, and the pronoun attaches directly to the *waw* (و).

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### Dual Forms

The dual forms (for two people) also drop their final *nuun* in the subjunctive. For instance, a present-tense verb like (تفحصان) becomes (تفحصا).

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Then (إذن)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to test (evaluate, examine)	اختبرikhtabara
wireless	لاسلكيlâsilkî
to blink	ومضwamada
While engineers tested a wireless camera, it blinked.	بينما اختبر مهندسون كاميرا لاسلكية، ومضت.baynamâ ikhtabara muhandisûna kâmîrâ lâsilkiyyatan, wamadat.
the setting	إعدادi'dâd
compatible	متوافقmutawâfiq
to sync	زامنzâmana
This is a compatible new setting, therefore you all will sync devices.	هذا إعداد جديد متوافق، إذن تزامنوا أجهزة.hâdhâ i'dâdun jadîdun mutawâfiqun, idhan tuzâminû ajhizatan.
the sensor	مستشعرmustash'ir
Fatima, this is a weak wireless network, therefore you will not sync sensors.	يا فاطمة، هذه شبكة لاسلكية ضعيفة، إذن لا تزامني مستشعرات.yā fâṭimatu, hâdhihi shabakatun lâsilkiyyatun ḍa'îfatun, idhan lâ tuzâmini mustash'irâtin.
to respond	استجابistajâba
If a system responds, we will test new settings.	إذا استجاب نظام، اختبرنا إعدادات جديدة.idhâ istajâba nizâmun, ikhtabarnâ i'dâdâtin jadîdatan.
to restore (bring back, return)	أعادa'âda
There is an old application that is not compatible, therefore they will restore a previous setting.	هناك تطبيق قديم ليس متوافقا، إذن يعيدوا إعدادا سابقا.hunâka tatbîqun qadîmun laysa mutawâfiqan, idhan yu'îdû i'dâdan sâbiqan.
A red light blinked, therefore the two of you will check sensors.	ومض ضوء أحمر، إذن تفحصا مستشعرات.wamada daw'un ahmaru, idhan tafhasâ mustashirâtin
to turn on	شغلshaghghala
Turn on a wireless camera right now!	شغلن كاميرا لاسلكية الآن!shaghghilna kâmirâ lâsilkiyyatan al-âna!
A connection dropped, therefore they will restore a network.	انقطع اتصال، إذن يعيدوا شبكة.inqata'a ittisâlun, 'idhan yu'eedoo shabakatan.
While Fatima turned on a device, it did not respond.	بينما شغلت فاطمة جهازا، لم يستجب.baynamâ shaghghalat fâtimatu jihâzan, lam yastajib.
Did you test a wireless sensor, and why did it not respond?	هل اختبرت مستشعرا لاسلكيا ولماذا لم يستجب؟hali khtabarta mustashiran lâsilkiyyan wa limâdhâ lam yastajib?
There is a device that is not compatible, therefore you all will not turn it on.	هناك جهاز ليس متوافقا، إذن لا تشغلوه.hunâka jihâzun laysa mutawâfiqan, idhan lâ tushaghghilûhu.