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Hit the road with confidence by learning essential vocabulary for road conditions, vehicle parts, and unexpected breakdowns.

### Hazards on the Road

Watch out for a **منعطف** (curve), where you might suddenly need to **انحرف** (swerve).

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To control your speed, you will rely on the **فرامل** (brakes), especially when approaching a **مطب** (speed bump).

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### Getting Lost

If you miss an exit, you might find yourself **تائه** (lost). To correct your course, use the verb **استدار** (to turn around).

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### Breakdowns in Remote Areas

Vehicle trouble can strike far from the city. You might be towing a **مقطورة** (trailer) when forced to stop in an **معزول** (isolated) place.

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Watch for dark smoke coming from the vehicle's **عادم** (exhaust).

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When a mechanical component breaks, you will need a replacement. The noun **غيار** means "spare." Combine it with **قطعة** (piece) to form the essential phrase **قطعة غيار** (spare part).

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Road Trips & Car Troubles

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to swerve	انحرفinharafa
curve (in a road)	منعطفmun'ataf
The driver swerved suddenly at the dangerous curve.	انحرفت السائقة فجأة عند المنعطف الخطير.inharafati assa'iqatu faj'atan 'inda almun'atafi alkhatiri
brakes	فراملfaramil
speed bump	مطبmatabb
I used the brakes before the speed bump.	استخدمت الفرامل قبل المطب.istakhdamtu al-faramila qabla al-matabb.
to turn around	استدارistadâra
lost (of a person, wandering)	تائهtâ'ih
The man turned around because he was lost.	استدار الرجل لأنه كان تائها.istadâra r-rajulu li'annahu kâna tâ'ihan
trailer	مقطورةmaqtûra
isolated	معزولma'zûl
The trailer stopped in an isolated place after sunset.	توقفت المقطورة في مكان معزول بعد غروب الشمس.tawaqqafati-l-maqtûratu fî makânin ma'zûlin ba'da ghurûbi-sh-shams.
exhaust	عادمâdim
Black smoke came out of the car's exhaust.	خرج دخان أسود من عادم السيارة.kharaja dukhânun aswadu min 'âdimi s-sayyârati.
spare	غيارghiyâr
I was going to the workshop to buy a spare part for the brakes.	كنت ذاهبة إلى الورشة لشراء قطعة غيار للفرامل.kuntu dhâhibatan ilâ al-warshati lishirâ'i qiṭ'ati ghiyârin lilfarâmili
Are you lost on this isolated road?	هل أنت تائه في هذا الطريق المعزول؟hal anta tâ'ihun fî hâdhâ at-tarîqil-ma'zûl
The trailer was moving slowly, then it swerved off the road.	كانت المقطورة تتحرك ببطء ثم انحرفت عن الطريق.kânati al-maqtûratu tataharraku bibut'in thumma inharafat 'ani at-tarîq
The woman turned around after she saw the speed bump in front of her.	استدارت المرأة بعدما رأت المطب أمامها.istadârati al-mar'atu ba'damâ ra'ati al-matabba amâmahâ
We need a spare part for the exhaust.	نحتاج إلى قطعة غيار من أجل العادم.nahtâju ilâ qitati ghiyârin min ajli al-âdimi.
The driver took a quick look before the curve.	ألقى السائق نظرة سريعة قبل المنعطف.alqâ assâ'iqu nathratan sarî'atan qabla almun'atafi.