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### Feminine Commands

When giving a direct command to a single female listener, you will use the feminine singular imperative. Similar to what you learned about the subjunctive mood, the feminine imperative drops the final ن from the standard present tense ending, leaving the long vowel ي attached to the end of the verb.

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### Plural Commands

When addressing a group of three or more people (masculine or mixed gender), the plural imperative is used. Just like the plural subjunctive, you drop the final ن from the standard present tense ending ون and replace it with a silent ا, resulting in the suffix وا.

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### Dual Commands

When giving an order to exactly two people, regardless of their gender, you use the dual form of the imperative. To form this, drop the ن from the present tense dual suffix ان, leaving only the long vowel ا at the end of the verb.

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Plural and feminine commands

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to lift	رفعrafa'a
weight	وزنwazn
Lift the heavy weight, my friend (f)!	ارفعي الوزن الثقيل يا صديقتي.irfa'i al-wazna ath-thaqila ya sadiqati
to breathe	تنفسtanaffasa
body	جسمjism
Breathe now, my colleague (f), the body is tired.	تنفسي الآن يا زميلتي، الجسم متعب.tanaffasi al-âna yâ zamilati, al-jismu mutaabun.
to jump	قفزqafaza
rope	حبلhabl
Jump on the rope, team!	اقفزوا على الحبل يا فريق.iqfizû 'alâ al-habli yâ farîqu
to rest	استراحistarâha
Rest for a minute, men.	استريحوا دقيقة يا رجال.istarîhû daqîqatan yâ rijâl
You two boys, lift the weight together.	يا ولدان، ارفعا الوزن معا.yâ waladâni, irfa'â l-wazna ma'an.
effort	جهدjuhd
muscle	عضلةadala
You two girls, jump on the rope, the effort is excellent for the muscle.	يا بنتان، اقفزا على الحبل، الجهد ممتاز للعضلة.yâ bintâni, iqfizâ alâ al-habli, al-juhdu mumtâzun lil-adalati
Rest, my friend (f), the effort is big.	استريحي يا صديقتي، الجهد كبير.istarîhî yâ sadîqatî, al-juhdu kabîrun.
Lift the weights from the ground, boys.	ارفعوا الأوزان من الأرض يا أولاد.irfa'û al-awzâna mina al-ardi yâ awlâdu
back	ظهرzahr
Breathe and rest for a minute, you two boys, the back is weak.	تنفسا واستريحا دقيقة يا ولدان، الظهر ضعيف.tanaffasâ wastarîhâ daqîqatan yâ waladân, az-zahru da'îfun
Rest now, the effort is big on the body and the back.	استريحوا الآن، الجهد كبير على الجسم والظهر.istarîhû al-âna, al-jahdu kabîrun 'alâ al-jismi waz-zahri.
My sister, lift the weight with the back, not with the arm.	يا أختي، ارفعي الوزن بالظهر، ليس بالذراع.yâ ukhtî, irfa'î al-wazna biz-zahri, laysa bidh-dhirâ'i.
Breathe, young men, every muscle in the body is tired.	تنفسوا يا شباب، كل عضلة في الجسم متعبة.tanaffasû yâ shabâbu, kullu 'aḍalatin fî l-jismi muta'abatun.
You two girls, lift this heavy rope.	يا بنتان، ارفعا هذا الحبل الثقيل.yâ bintâni, irfa'â hâdhâ al-habla ath-thaqîl
Take the rope and jump, team.	خذوا الحبل واقفزوا يا فريق.khudhû al-habla waqfizû yâ farîq
sport, exercise	رياضةriyâda
Sport is important for the body.	الرياضة مهمة للجسم.ar-riyâdatu muhimmatun lil-jismi
I love sport a lot.	أحب الرياضة كثيرا.uhibbu ar-riyâdata kathîran
Sport needs effort.	الرياضة تحتاج إلى جهد.ar-riyâdatu tahtâju ilâ juhdin.

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