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### Ministries and Counters

When dealing with government bureaucracy, your first step is usually visiting a ministry (وزارة). Once inside, you will be directed to a specific counter (شباك) to process your paperwork or pay fees.

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### Mandatory Conditions and Authorization

Government clerks have strict requirements. You must often verify if a specific document is mandatory (إلزامي). If you are acting on behalf of someone else, you will need a formal authorization (تفويض) to proceed.

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### Expiration and Validity

Bureaucratic processes heavily rely on the validity of documents. You will frequently hear terms describing a document's effect (مفعول) or whether its validity (صلاحية) is expired (منتهي). A common phrase for "expired" is منتهي الصلاحية, while "valid" is often expressed as ساري المفعول.

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### Required Documents and National Archives

Before waiting in line, it is essential to double-check that every document in your file is the required (مطلوب) one. You might even need to pull records from a national (قومي) registry or archive.

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### Approved Copies and Extracts

Finally, standard photocopies are rarely enough. Government offices typically request an approved (معتمد) copy or a formal extract (مستخرج) issued directly by the institution.

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Official Documents and Permits

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
ministry	وزارةwizâra
The complicated procedure made me visit the ministry again.	جعلني الإجراء المعقد أزور الوزارة مجددا.jaalanî al-'ijrâ'u al-muaqqadu 'azûru al-wizârata mujaddadan.
We must go to the ministry tomorrow.	لا بد أن نذهب إلى الوزارة غدا.lâ budda an nadh-haba ilâ al-wizârati ghadan
counter	شباكshubbâk
Go to the third counter to pay the fees.	اذهب إلى الشباك الثالث لدفع الرسوم.idh'hab ilâ ash-shubbâki ath-thâlithi lidaf'i ar-rusûm
The clerk at the counter made me wait for a long time.	جعلني الموظف في الشباك أنتظر طويلا.ja'alani al-muwazzafu fi ash-shubbaki antaziru tawilan
mandatory (obligatory, binding)	إلزاميilzâmî
Is it mandatory to bring a copy of the passport?	هل من الإلزامي أن تحضر نسخة من جواز السفر؟hal mina l-ilzâmiyyi an tuhdira nuskhatan min jawâzi s-safari?
You must know that this condition is mandatory.	لا بد أن تعرف أن هذا الشرط إلزامي.lâ budda an ta'rifa anna hâdhâ ash-sharta ilzâmiyyun
authorization	تفويضtafwîd
The manager wrote an official authorization for the lawyer.	كتبت المديرة تفويضا رسميا للمحامية.katabati l-mudîratu tafwîdan rasmiyyan lil-muhâmiyah
There must be an official authorization in the file.	لا بد من وجود تفويض رسمي في الملف.lâ budda min wujûdi tafwîdin rasmiyyin fil-malaffi.
effect	مفعولmaf'ûl
The new law is valid starting from today.	القانون الجديد ساري المفعول ابتداء من اليوم.al-qânûnu al-jadîdu sâri al-maf'ûli ibtidâ'an mina al-yawm.
The judge made the document's effect expire today.	جعل القاضي مفعول الوثيقة ينتهي اليوم.ja'ala alqâdî maf'ûla alwathîqati yantahî alyawma
expired	منتهيmuntahi
validity	صلاحيةsalâhiyya
The clerk refused the document because it is expired.	رفضت الموظفة الوثيقة لأنها منتهية الصلاحية.rafadati al-muwazzafatu al-wathiqata li'annaha muntahiyatu as-salahiyati
You must not use an expired passport.	لا بد ألا تستخدم جواز سفر منتهي الصلاحية.lâ budda allâ tastakhdima jawâza safarin muntahiya as-salâhiyyah
national	قوميqawmi
The national project makes the citizens feel proud.	يجعل المشروع القومي المواطنين يشعرون بالفخر.yaj'alu al-mashroo'u al-qawmiyyu al-muwaatineena yash'uroona bil-fakhr
The national archive is closed today.	الأرشيف القومي مغلق اليوم.al-arshîful qawmiyyu mughlaqunil yawma
required	مطلوبmatlûb
All the required documents are in this file.	كل المستندات المطلوبة في هذا الملف.kullu al-mustanadâti al-matlûbati fî hâdhâ al-malaffi
Is the presence of the manager required today?	هل حضور المديرة مطلوب اليوم؟hal hudûru al-mudîrati matlûbun al-yawma
approved	معتمدmu'tamad
We need an approved copy of this certificate.	نحتاج إلى نسخة معتمدة من هذه الشهادة.nahtâju ilâ nuskhatin mu'tamadatin min hâdhihi ash-shahâdah
Is this hospital approved by the ministry?	هل هذا المستشفى معتمد من الوزارة؟hal hâdhâ al-mustashfâ mu'tamadun mina al-wizârati?
extract	مستخرجmustakhraj
The clerk gave me a new extract.	أعطاني الموظف مستخرجا جديدا.a'tâni al-muwazzafu mustakhrajan jadidan
How much is the fee for the official extract?	كم تبلغ رسوم المستخرج الرسمي؟kam tablughu rusûmu al-mustakhraji ar-rasmiyyi?