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### Colours that end in ـي

The colours you have learned so far are on the أفعل pattern: أحمر، أزرق، أبيض, with their own feminine (حمراء) and plural (حمر). The other colours are built differently. They are adjectives made from a noun with the ending **ـي**, exactly like the nationality words مصري and سوري.

| colour | meaning | made from |
|---|---|---|
| {{item:1131386}} | brown | بُنّ *coffee beans* |
| {{item:1131389}} | gray | رماد *ash* |
| {{item:1131393}} | pink | ورد *roses* |
| {{item:1131396}} | orange | برتقال *oranges* |
| {{item:1131399}} | purple | بنفسج *violets* |

### Agreement

Like مصري / مصرية, they add **ـة** for a feminine noun and for a non-human plural:

{{item:1131387}}

{{item:1131388}}

{{item:1131398}}

After the word **لون** (*colour*), which is masculine, they stay masculine:

{{item:1131401}}

{{item:1131394}}

### Light and dark

Put **{{item:1131402}}** (*light*) or **{{item:1131405}}** (*dark*) after any colour. They agree with the noun too: سيارة زرقاء فاتحة, حقيبة بنية غامقة.

{{item:1131403}}

More colours (بني، رمادي، فاتح، غامق)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
brown	بنيbunniyy
This chair is brown.	هذا الكرسي بني.hâdhâ al-kursiyyu bunniyyun
He has a brown bag.	عنده حقيبة بنية.indahu haqeebatun bunniyyah
gray	رماديramâdiyy
The sky is gray today.	السماء رمادية اليوم.as-samâ'u ramâdiyyatun al-yawma.
The gray cat is small.	القط الرمادي صغير.al-qittu ar-ramâdiyyu saghîr
Do you like brown or gray?	هل تحب اللون البني أم الرمادي؟hal tuhibbu l-lawna l-bunniyya ami r-ramâdiyy?
pink	ورديwardiyy
The girl loves the colour pink.	البنت تحب اللون الوردي.al-bintu tuhibbu al-lawna al-wardiyya
She has a pink car.	عندها سيارة وردية.'indahâ sayyâratun wardiyyah
orange (colour)	برتقاليburtuqâlî
Oranges are orange.	البرتقال برتقالي.al-burtuqâlu burtuqâliyy
This flower is orange.	هذه الزهرة برتقالية.hâdhihi az-zahratu burtuqâliyyah
purple	بنفسجيbanafsajiyy
The purple flower is beautiful.	الزهرة البنفسجية جميلة.az-zahratu al-banafsajiyyatu jamilatun
The colour of the door is purple.	لون الباب بنفسجي.lawnu l-bâbi banafsajiyy
light (colour)	فاتحfâtih
I have a light blue car.	عندي سيارة زرقاء فاتحة.indî sayyâratun zarqâ'u fâtiha.
The colour of the door is light green.	لون الباب أخضر فاتح.lawnu l-bâbi akhḍaru fâtih
dark (colour)	غامقghâmiq
He has a dark brown bag.	عنده حقيبة بنية غامقة.indahu haqibatun bunniyyatun ghâmiqah
Do you like dark gray?	هل تحب اللون الرمادي الغامق؟hal tuhibbu l-lawna r-ramâdiyya l-ghâmiqa?

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