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### The Jussive in Response to a Command

In Arabic, you can express a direct consequence simply by placing a present tense verb immediately after a command. When this second verb represents the expected result of the order (e.g., "Swallow this, and the pain will stop"), it must take the Jussive mood (**مجزوم**). This grammatical structure is known as the "response to the request" (**جواب الطلب**).

For regular verbs, the Jussive mood is marked by a **سكون** (the absence of a short vowel sound) on the final letter.

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### Dropping Weak Letters

If the result verb normally ends in a "weak" letter (**ا**, **و**, or **ي**), the Jussive mood drops that final letter completely. For example, a verb like **يختفي** (it disappears) loses its final **ي** and becomes **يختفِ**.

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### Negative Commands

This cause-and-effect relationship also works with negative commands. If you are told *not* to do something, and the following present tense verb represents a positive, expected outcome, it also takes the Jussive mood.

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### Dropping the Final Nun

When the result verb is conjugated for a feminine singular subject (which normally ends in **ـين**) or a masculine plural subject (which normally ends in **ـون**), the Jussive mood is formed by dropping that final **ن**.

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This final rule applies seamlessly to negative commands as well.

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### Seeing the endings

This course writes Arabic the way books and newspapers print it, without the short-vowel marks, so the ending this lesson is about is usually something you hear in the audio but cannot see in the drills. Here are some of them with every vowel written out:

| as written | fully vocalized | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| اشرب هذا السائل المغذي يتحسن جهازك التنفسي. | اِشْرَبْ هَذَا السَّائِلَ المُغَذِّيَ يَتَحَسَّنْ جِهَازُكَ التَّنَفُّسِيُّ. | Drink this nutritious liquid, and your respiratory system will improve. |
| تناول الطعام المغذي تصبح قويا. | تَنَاوَلِ الطَّعَامَ المُغَذِّيَ تُصْبِحْ قَوِيًّا. | Eat the nutritious food; you will become strong. |
| لا تقفي بسرعة يذهب الدوار. | لَا تَقِفِي بِسُرْعَةٍ يَذْهَبِ الدُّوَارُ. | Do not stand up quickly, and the dizziness will go away. |

The verb that gives the result, placed straight after the command with no ف, is jussive. After لا, this works only when *if you don't …* makes sense. On a regular verb that is a sukun, which no unvocalized text can show: **يَتَحَسَّنْ**, **تُصْبِحْ**. Before ال the sukun is pronounced as a linking *-i*: **يَذْهَبِ الدُّوَارُ**. Without the command in front, these would be يَتَحَسَّنُ, تُصْبِحُ and يَذْهَبُ. Two changes you can see: a final weak letter drops (يختفي → يختف), and so does the ن (تتجنبين → تتجنبي).

Jussive in response to commands (جواب الطلب)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to swallow	ابتلعibtala'a
dose	جرعةjur'a
Swallow this dose, and the pain will stop.	ابتلعي هذه الجرعة يتوقف الألم.ibtalî hâdhihi al-jurata yatawaqqafi al-'alamu.
regular	منتظمmuntazhim
nausea	غثيانghathayân
Take the dose regularly, and the nausea will disappear.	خذ الجرعة بشكل منتظم يختف الغثيان.khudhi al-jur'ata bishaklin muntazimin yakhtafi al-ghathayânu
dizziness	دوارdawâr
Do not stand up quickly, and the dizziness will go away.	لا تقفي بسرعة يذهب الدوار.lâ taqifî bisur'atin yadh-habi d-duwâr
convalescence	نقاهةniqâha
inflammation	التهابiltihâb
Rest during convalescence, and the inflammation will disappear.	استرح في فترة النقاهة يختف الالتهاب.istarih fi fatrati n-niqâhati yakhtafi l-iltihâbu
Do not stay up late and do not exert effort in the convalescence period, and you will improve.	لا تسهري ولا تبذلي جهدا في فترة النقاهة تتحسني.lâ tas-harî wa-lâ tabdhulî juhdan fî fatrati n-niqâha tatahassanî
bacteria	بكتيرياbaktiriya
Take the antibiotic, and you will kill the bacteria.	خذ المضاد الحيوي تقتل البكتيريا.khudhi al-mudâdda al-hayawiyya taqtuli al-baktîriyâ
Wash your hands regularly, and you will avoid bacteria.	اغسلي يديك بشكل منتظم تتجنبي البكتيريا.ighsilî yadayki bishaklin muntazimin tatajannabî albaktîriyâ.
nutritious	مغذيmughadhdhî
respiratory	تنفسيtanaffusi
Drink this nutritious liquid, and your respiratory system will improve.	اشرب هذا السائل المغذي يتحسن جهازك التنفسي.ishrab hâdhâ as-sâ'ila al-mughadhdhiya yatahassan jihâzuka at-tanaffusiyyu
Do not eat fatty food and do not drink milk, and you will get rid of the nausea.	لا تأكلوا طعاما دسما ولا تشربوا الحليب تتخلصوا من الغثيان.lâ ta'kulû taâman dasiman wa lâ tashrabû al-halîba tatakhallasû min al-ghathayân.
Take this medicine, and you will recover from the dizziness.	خذي هذا الدواء تتعافي من الدوار.khudhî hâdhâ ad-dawâ'a tata'âfay mina ad-duwâri
Swallow this medicine; you will recover from the respiratory infection.	ابتلعي هذا الدواء تتعافي من الالتهاب التنفسي.ibtalii hâdhâ ad-dawâ'a tataâfay mina al-iltihâbi at-tanaffusiyyi
Eat the nutritious food; you will become strong.	تناول الطعام المغذي تصبح قويا.tanâwali al-taâma al-mughadhdhiya tusbih qawiyyan

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