To express actions that will be completed by a certain point in the future (the future perfect), Arabic uses a compound verb structure. You combine the future tense of the verb "to be" (كان) with the particle قد (already) and the past tense of the main verb.
Structure: سـ + present tense of كان + قد + past tense verb
Both the auxiliary verb (كان) and the main past tense verb must match the subject in gender and number.
For a masculine subject (سيكون قد):
| The artificial intelligence will have achieved a big breakthrough in science. | سيكون الذكاء الاصطناعي قد حقق طفرة كبيرة في العلم.sayakûnu adh-dhakâ'u al-istinâ3iyyu qad haqqaqa tafratan kabîratan fî al-3ilmi |
For a feminine subject (ستكون قد):
| Will humanity have established a colony on Mars by that time? | هل ستكون البشرية قد أسست مستعمرة على المريخ بحلول ذلك الوقت؟hal satakûnu al-basharîyyatu qad assasat musta'maratan 'alâ al-mirrîkh bihulûli dhâlika al-waqt |
For "I" (سأكون قد) and "we" (سنكون قد):
| By next month, I will have finished the genetic treatment. | بحلول الشهر القادم، سأكون قد أنهيت العلاج الوراثي.bihulûli ash-shahri al-qâdimi, sa'akûnu qad anhaytu al-'ilâja al-wirâthiyya. |
| We will have arrived at Mars before the end of the year. | سنكون قد وصلنا إلى المريخ قبل نهاية العام.sanakûnu qad wasalnâ ilâ al-mirrîkhi qabla nihâyati al-âmi |
For plural groups, conjugate both verbs accordingly (e.g., سيكونون قد ... فعلوا):
| They will have built the artificial colony, except for the hospital. | سيكونون قد بنوا المستعمرة الاصطناعية ما عدا المستشفى.sayakûnûna qad banaw al-musta'marata al-istinâ'iyyata mâ 'adâ al-mustashfâ |
Setting Deadlines with بحلول
When using the future perfect, you will frequently state the deadline by which the action will be finished using بحلول ("by" or "by the arrival of").
| By next year, scientists will have discovered a treatment for cancer. | بحلول العام القادم، سيكون العلماء قد اكتشفوا علاجا للسرطان.bihulûli alâmi alqâdimi, sayakûnu alulamâ'u qadi aktashafû ilâjan lissarâtâni. |