Adding and Choosing: و and أو
The conjunction و (and) is used to connect words or phrases. Because it is a single letter, it always attaches directly to the beginning of the following word without a space.
For choices, use the word أو (or), which stands alone as a separate word.
| I like meat and rice. | أحب اللحم والأرز.uhibbu l-lahma wal-uruz. |
| When do you eat chicken or fish? | متى تأكلون دجاجا أو سمكا؟matâ ta'kulûna dajâjan aw samakan? |
Expressing Contrast: لكن
To express contrast, use لكن (but). When "but" is followed by a pronoun (like "but it" or "but I"), Arabic usually attaches a pronoun suffix directly to the conjunction. This creates words like لكنه (but he/it) or لكنني (but I).
| This chicken is delicious, but it is not spicy. | هذا الدجاج لذيذ، لكنه ليس حارا.hâdhâ ad-dajâju ladhîdhun, lâkinnahu laysa hârran. |
| I ate rice and meat, but I am hungry. | أكلت أرزا ولحما، لكنني جائع.akaltu uruzzan wa lahman, lâkinnani jâ'i'un. |
Sequence and Result: فـ
The conjunction فـ means "so" or "then," showing that one action is the result of another, or follows it immediately. Like و, the letter فـ is a prefix that attaches directly to the following word.
| We are hungry, so we are eating eggs and cheese. | نحن جائعون، فنأكل بيضا وجبنا.nahnu jâ'i`uuna, fana'kulu baydan wajubnan. |
| He ordered a salad, so she ordered soup and fruit. | طلب سلطة، فطلبت حساء وفاكهة.talaba salatan, fatalabat hasâ'an wafâkihatan |
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