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### Pointing to "These Two"

When pointing out exactly two specific things or people, Arabic uses dual demonstrative pronouns. These pronouns must agree with the noun they modify in both gender and grammatical case.

For the nominative case (used when the noun is the subject of a sentence), the dual forms end in the suffix **ان**:
- Masculine: **هذان**
- Feminine: **هاتان**

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### Demonstratives with Idafa Constructions

Usually, a demonstrative comes right before a definite noun. However, an Idafa (possessive construction) is a tightly bound unit that cannot be interrupted. If you need to point to a pair in an Idafa, such as "these two airlines," the demonstrative must be placed *after* the entire phrase.

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### Accusative and Genitive Cases

Dual demonstratives decline just like regular dual nouns. When they follow a preposition (genitive case) or serve as the direct object of a verb (accusative case), the suffix changes from **ان** to **ين**.

The masculine dual form becomes **هذين**.

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The feminine dual form becomes **هاتين**.

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Dual demonstrative pronouns (هذان / هاتان)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
these two (masculine nominative)	هذانhâdhâni
economical	اقتصاديiqtisâdî
difference	فرقfarq
These two economic options are excellent, and there is no difference between them.	هذان الخياران الاقتصاديان ممتازان، وليس هناك فرق بينهما.hadhâni al-khiyârâni al-iqtisâdiyyâni mumtâzâni, wa laysa hunâka farqun baynahumâ
these two (feminine nominative)	هاتانhâtâni
reputation	سمعةsum'a
average (medium, middle)	متوسطmutawassit
These two airlines have an excellent reputation, but the average price is very high.	شركتا الطيران هاتان لهما سمعة ممتازة، لكن متوسط السعر عال جدا.sharikata attayarani hatani lahuma sum'atun mumtazatun, lakin mutawassitu assi'ri 'alin jiddan
these two (masculine accusative/genitive)	هذينhâdhayni
satisfaction	رضاridâ
I compared these two routes, and the difference in customer satisfaction is clear.	قارنت بين هذين المسارين، والفرق في رضا الزبائن واضح.qârantu bayna hâdhayni al-masârayni, wal-farqu fî ridâ az-zabâ'ini wâdihun
these two (feminine accusative/genitive)	هاتينhâtayni
beverage	مشروبmashrûb
We traveled on these two economic flights before, and the cold beverages were free.	سافرنا في هاتين الرحلتين الاقتصاديتين من قبل، وكانت المشروبات الباردة مجانية.sâfarnâ fî hâtayni ar-rihlatayni al-iqtisâdiyyatayni min qablu, wa kânati al-mashrûbâtu al-bâridatu majjâniyyatan.
These two passengers did not drink anything except cold beverages.	لم يشرب هذان المسافران شيئا سوى المشروبات الباردة.lam yashrab hâdhâni al-musâfirâni shay'an siwâ al-mashrûbâti al-bâridah
These two airlines have a better reputation because of customer satisfaction.	شركتا الطيران هاتان لهما سمعة أفضل بسبب رضا الزبائن.sharikataa at-tayaraani haataani lahumaa sum'atun afdalu bisababi ridaa az-zabaa'ini
It is better to choose between these two economic options.	من الأفضل أن نختار بين هذين الخيارين الاقتصاديين.mina l-afdali an nakhtâra bayna hâdhayni l-khiyârayni l-iqtisâdiyyayn.
Satisfaction with these two airlines is not high, and the average flight duration is long.	الرضا عن شركتي الطيران هاتين ليس عاليا، ومتوسط مدة الرحلة طويل.ar-ridâ 'an sharikatayi t-tayarâni hâtayni laysa 'âliyan, wa mutawassitu muddati r-rihlati tawîlun.
Is there a big difference in the average price between the two flights?	هل هناك فرق كبير في متوسط السعر بين الرحلتين؟hal hunâka farqun kabîrun fî mutawassiti s-si'ri bayna r-rihlatayn?
The reputation of this economy airline is excellent.	سمعة شركة الطيران الاقتصادية هذه ممتازة.sum'atu sharikati at-tayarâni al-iqtisâdiyyati hâdhihi mumtâzatun.
I asked these two female employees about the difference in the price.	سألت هاتين الموظفتين عن الفرق في السعر.sa'altu hâtayni al-muwazzafatayni 'ani al-farqi fî as-si'ri