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This lesson expands your health vocabulary to help you describe the human body in greater detail. You will learn to talk about specific bones, joints, and internal organs in Arabic.

### Bones and Joints

When describing an injury or a source of pain, you might need to refer to a specific bone (عظم) or joint (مفصل).

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Let's look at some common body parts and joints, such as the shoulder (كتف), the finger (إصبع), and the knee (ركبة).

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### Organs and the Nervous System

Internal health issues often involve specific organs or the nervous system. The brain (دماغ) relies on a vast network, where every nerve (عصب) transmits important signals.

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You will also learn the words for vital organs like the lung (رئة) and the liver (كبد), as well as structural parts like the neck (رقبة).

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Detailed Anatomy

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
bone	عظمaẓm
This is a long bone in the leg.	هذا عظم طويل في الساق.hâdhâ azmun tawîlun fis-sâq
shoulder	كتفkatif
finger	إصبعisba'
The shoulder bone is larger than the finger bone.	عظم الكتف أكبر من عظم الإصبع.azmu al-katifi akbaru min azmi al-isba'i.
Do you feel pain in the shoulder?	هل تشعرين بألم في الكتف؟hal tash'urîna bi'alamin fil-katif?
The doctor put his hand on my shoulder.	وضع الطبيب يده على كتفي.wada'a at-tabeebu yadahu 'alaa katifee.
My brother cut his finger with the kitchen knife today.	قطع أخي إصبعه بسكين المطبخ اليوم.qata'a akhî isba'ahu bisikkîni al-matbakhi al-yawma
She cannot move her finger.	إنها لا تستطيع أن تحرك إصبعها.innahâ lâ tastatee'u an tuharrika isba'ahâ
knee	ركبةrukba
She has been feeling pain in her knee since the morning.	هي تشعر بألم في ركبتها منذ الصباح.hiya tash'uru bi'alamin fi rukbatihâ mundhu as-sabâh
The player's knee is injured after the match.	ركبة اللاعبة مصابة بعد المباراة.rukbatu al-la'ibati musâbatun ba'da al-mubârâti.
joint / hinge	مفصلmafsil
The knee is a large and important joint in the body.	الركبة مفصل كبير ومهم في الجسم.ar-rukbatu mafsilun kabîrun wa muhimmun fil-jismi
I have a problem in the finger joint.	عندي مشكلة في مفصل الإصبع.indi mushkilatun fi mafsili al-isba'i.
nerve	عصبaSab
This is a very sensitive nerve in the face.	هذا عصب حساس جدا في الوجه.hâdhâ 'aṣabun ḥassâsun jiddan fil-wajh.
brain	دماغdimâgh
The nerve transmits pain to the brain.	العصب ينقل الألم إلى الدماغ.al-'asabu yanqulu al-alama ilâ ad-dimâghi
The brain needs water and sugar.	الدماغ يحتاج إلى ماء وسكر.ad-dimâghu yahtâju ilâ mâ'in wa-sukkarin
The injury in the brain is very dangerous.	الإصابة في الدماغ خطيرة جدا.al-'isâbatu fî ad-dimâghi khatîratun jiddan
lung	رئةri'a
He is breathing with difficulty due to a problem in the lung.	هو يتنفس بصعوبة بسبب مشكلة في الرئة.huwa yatanaffasu bisu'ûbatin bisababi mushkilatin fî r-ri'ati
Clean air is useful for the lung.	الهواء النظيف مفيد للرئة.al-hawâ'u nnaẓîfu mufîdun lirri'ati.
liver	كبدkabid
Healthy food is useful for the liver.	الطعام الصحي مفيد للكبد.at-ta'âmu as-sihhiyyu mufîdun lilkabidi
The liver is a very important organ for the body.	الكبد عضو مهم جدا للجسم.al-kabidu 'udwun muhimmun jiddan lil-jismi.
neck	رقبةraqaba
The neck bone is smaller than the leg bone.	عظم الرقبة أصغر من عظم الساق.azmu ar-raqabati asghâru min azmi as-sâqi
The injured woman cannot move her neck.	المرأة المصابة لا تستطيع أن تحرك رقبتها.al-mar'atu al-musâbatu lâ tastatî'u an tuharrika raqabatahâ