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### What something is

You know عبارة *phrase*. **{{item:1209746}}** (literally *an expression of*) says what something consists of or simply is. It follows the subject and never changes: الهدية عبارة عن… *the gift is…*.

{{item:1209747}}

**{{item:1209750}}** (يَتَراوَحُ بين) is *to range between*, for prices, ages and temperatures; the two limits are joined with و.

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**{{item:1209754}}** is short for إلى آخره, *to its end*: *etc.* It closes a list.

{{item:1209755}}

### By the way

**{{item:1209757}}** (فكرة *idea*) opens a new topic in conversation: *by the way*. It belongs to talk and to informal writing; in a formal text, use بالمناسبة.

{{item:1209759}}

### Same letters, new words: ضعف، ضمن

| you know | the new word |
|---|---|
| ضَعْف *weakness* | {{item:1209761}} *double* |
| ضَمِنَ *to guarantee* | {{item:1209765}} *within, among* |

ضِعف + a noun is *twice the…*, *double the…*; after a verb of rising, إلى الضعف is *to double*.

{{item:1209762}}

{{item:1209764}}

ضِمن + a noun puts something inside a group or a whole: *included in, among*.

{{item:1209766}}

{{item:1209767}}

Describing and quantifying (عبارة عن، تراوح بين، ضعف، ضمن)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
consisting of, (it) is (a …)	عبارة عن'ibâratun 'an
The house consists of one room and a small kitchen.	البيت عبارة عن غرفة واحدة ومطبخ صغير.albaytu ibâratun an ghurfatin wâhidatin wa matbakhin saghîr
This book is a collection of short stories.	هذا الكتاب عبارة عن مجموعة من القصص القصيرة.hâdhâ al-kitâbu 'ibâratun 'an majmû'atin mina al-qaşaşi al-qaşîrati
The gift is a beautiful watch.	الهدية عبارة عن ساعة جميلة.al-hadiyyatu 'ibâratun 'an sâ'atin jamîlah
to range between	تراوح بينtarâwaha bayna
Prices range between ten and twenty dollars.	تتراوح الأسعار بين عشرة وعشرين دولارا.tatarâwahu al-as'âru bayna asharatin wa ishrîna dûlâran.
The temperature ranges between twenty and thirty degrees.	تتراوح درجة الحرارة بين عشرين وثلاثين درجة.tatarâwahu darajatu al-harârati bayna 'ishrîna wa thalâthîna darajatan
The number of guests ranges between fifty and sixty.	يتراوح عدد الضيوف بين خمسين وستين.yatarâwahu adadu ad-duyûfi bayna khamsîna wa sittîna
etc.	إلخilakh
We bought bread, milk, cheese, etc.	اشترينا خبزا وحليبا وجبنا، إلخ.ishtaraynâ khubzan wa halîban wa jubnan, ilakh.
At the market there is fruit, vegetables, meat, etc.	في السوق فاكهة وخضار ولحم، إلخ.fee as-sooqi fâkihatun wa khudârun wa lahmun, ilakh.
by the way	على فكرةala fikratin
By the way, where did you put the keys?	على فكرة، أين وضعت المفاتيح؟'alâ fikratin, ayna wada'ta al-mafâtîha?
The film was wonderful. — By the way, have you seen Ahmad?	الفيلم كان رائعا. — على فكرة، هل رأيت أحمد؟al-fîlmu kâna râ'i'an. — 'alâ fikratin, hal ra'ayta ahmad?
By the way, I'm traveling tomorrow.	على فكرة، سأسافر غدا.ala fikratin, sa'usâfiru ghadan
double, twice as much	ضعفdi'f
I paid double the price.	دفعت ضعف السعر.dafatu difa as-sir.
His salary is twice mine.	راتبه ضعف راتبي.râtibuhu di'fu râtibî.
The price of bread has doubled.	ارتفع سعر الخبز إلى الضعف.irtafa'a si'ru alkhubzi ila addi'fi.
within, among (as part of)	ضمنdimna
Breakfast is included in the price of the room.	الفطور ضمن سعر الغرفة.al-futooru dimna si'ri al-ghurfah.
My name was among the winners.	كان اسمي ضمن الفائزين.kâna ismî Dimna l-fâ'izîn
This topic is not part of the exam.	هذا الموضوع ليس ضمن الامتحان.hâdhâ al-mawdû'u laysa dimna al-imtihân.

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