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### Emphasizing Actions with (كلّ)

To emphasize that an action was done "completely," Arabic uses the Deputy Cognate Accusative (النائب عن المفعول المطلق).

Place the quantifier كلّ (all/every) directly in front of the verb's verbal noun. Grammatically, كلّ takes the accusative case, while the following verbal noun is in the genitive case. For example, pairing the verb ركز (to focus) with its verbal noun تركيز gives us ركز كل التركيز (focused completely). Notice how the root of the main verb and the verbal noun match perfectly.

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### Expressing Partial Degree with (بعض)

To express that an action was done "to some extent" or "somewhat," replace كلّ with بعض (some). As before, بعض takes the accusative case, and the following verbal noun remains genitive. Compare the total and partial investigations below:

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### Mastery and Perseverance

Verbs like أجاد (to master) and ثابر (to persevere) frequently use this structure to describe intense focus and effort.

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### Seeing the endings

This course writes Arabic the way books and newspapers print it, without the short-vowel marks, so the ending this lesson is about is usually something you hear in the audio but cannot see in the drills. Here are some of them with every vowel written out:

| as written | fully vocalized | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| استقصى المحقق الجريمة كل الاستقصاء. | اِسْتَقْصَى المُحَقِّقُ الجَرِيمَةَ كُلَّ الِاسْتِقْصَاءِ. | The detective investigated the crime completely. |
| استقصت الصحفية الخبر بعض الاستقصاء. | اِسْتَقْصَتِ الصَّحَفِيَّةُ الخَبَرَ بَعْضَ الِاسْتِقْصَاءِ. | The journalist investigated the news to some extent. |
| ثابر الطالب على المشروع كل المثابرة. | ثَابَرَ الطَّالِبُ عَلَى المَشْرُوعِ كُلَّ المُثَابَرَةِ. | The student persevered with the project to the utmost. |

كل and بعض are accusative, **كُلَّ**, **بَعْضَ**, and the verbal noun after them is genitive: **الِاسْتِقْصَاءِ**, **المُثَابَرَةِ**. The verb's own object keeps its accusative too (**الجَرِيمَةَ**, **الخَبَرَ**), and كل is accusative even when the verb takes no object at all, as with ثابر على.

Degree of an action (كلّ / بعض)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to immerse oneself	انغمسinghamasa
The employee has immersed herself in the work, and focused completely.	قد انغمست الموظفة في العمل، وركزت كل التركيز.qadi inghamasati al-muwadhdhafatu fee al-amali, wa rakkazat kulla at-tarkeezi.
immersion	انغماسinghimâs
The researcher immersed herself in studying the phenomenon completely.	انغمست الباحثة في دراسة الظاهرة كل الانغماس.ingamasati l-bâhithatu fî dirâsati z-zâhirati kulla l-ingimâs
to devote	كرسkarrasa
reinforcement	تعزيزta'zîz
The team devoted itself to the project, and strengthened its skills completely.	كرس الفريق نفسه للمشروع، وعزز مهاراته كل التعزيز.karrasa al-fariiqu nafsahu lil-mashruu3i, wa 3azzaza mahârâtihi kulla at-ta3ziizi
devotion	تكريسtakris
The programmer learned so much that she devoted her life completely to technology.	تعلمت المبرمجة لدرجة أنها كرست حياتها للتكنولوجيا كل التكريس.ta'allamati almubarmijatu lidarajati 'annahâ karrasat hayâtahâ liltiknûlûjiyâ kulla attakrîs
to investigate	استقصىistaqsâ
investigation	استقصاءistiqsâ'
The detective investigated the crime completely.	استقصى المحقق الجريمة كل الاستقصاء.istaqsâ al-muhaqqiqu al-jarîmata kulla al-istiqsâ'i
The journalist investigated the news to some extent.	استقصت الصحفية الخبر بعض الاستقصاء.istaqsati s-sahafiyyatu l-khabara ba'da l-istiqsâ'
to master	أجادajâda
Whether the work was easy or difficult, he has mastered it.	سواء كان العمل سهلا أو صعبا، فقد أجاده.sawâ'un kâna al-'amalu sahlan aw sa'ban, faqad ajâdahu.
mastery	إجادةijâda
We must learn the same language, and master it completely.	يجب أن نتعلم نفس اللغة، ونجيدها كل الإجادة.yajibu an nata'allama nafsa l-lughati, wa nujeedahâ kulla l-ijâdati
to persevere	ثابرthâbara
perseverance	مثابرةmuthâbarah
The student persevered with the project to the utmost.	ثابر الطالب على المشروع كل المثابرة.thâbara at-tâlibu alâ al-mashrui kulla al-muthâbarati
This training is likely to strengthen our abilities to some extent.	من شأن هذا التدريب أن يعزز قدراتنا بعض التعزيز.min sha'ni hâdhâ at-tadrîbi an yuazziza qudrâtinâ bada at-tazîz
The nurse perseveres completely in helping the patient.	تثابر الممرضة على مساعدة المريض كل المثابرة.tuthâbiru al-mumarriḍatu ala musâadati al-marîḍi kulla al-muthâbarati
His immersion in the work led to the mastery of his skills.	انغماسه في العمل أدى إلى إجادة مهاراته.inghimâsuhu fi l-amali addâ ilâ ijâdati mahârâtihi
We respect the dedication of your time to this project.	نحترم تكريس وقتك لهذا المشروع.nahtarimu takrîsa waqtika lihâdhâ al-mashrû'i

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