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### The days of the week

Arabic day names are nouns with ال. Five of them are old number words: the week starts on Sunday, so Sunday is *the first* day, Monday *the second*, and so on up to Thursday. Friday, **الجمعة**, means *the gathering*, the day of the congregational prayer, and Saturday, **السبت**, is the word *Sabbath*.

| day | Arabic | related to |
|---|---|---|
| Sunday | {{item:1131297}} | أحد *one* |
| Monday | {{item:1131303}} | اثنان *two* |
| Tuesday | {{item:1131306}} | ثلاثة *three* |
| Wednesday | {{item:1131309}} | أربعة *four* |
| Thursday | {{item:1131312}} | خمسة *five* |
| Friday | {{item:1131314}} | *the gathering* |
| Saturday | {{item:1131318}} | *Sabbath* |

### On Monday

To say *on* a day, put **يوم** (*day*) in front of the name. No preposition is needed.

{{item:1131299}}

{{item:1131317}}

Without يوم, the name is simply the day itself:

{{item:1131298}}

In many Arab countries the weekend is Friday and Saturday, so the working week starts on Sunday.

{{item:1131305}}

### Tonight, and one night

**{{item:1131324}}** is *a night*, one particular night. **{{item:1131321}}** with ال means *tonight*, just as اليوم means *today*.

{{item:1131322}}

{{item:1131327}}

A night belongs to the day that FOLLOWS it: ليلة الجمعة is Thursday night, the eve of Friday.

{{item:1131325}}

Days of the week (يوم الأحد، يوم الجمعة)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
Sunday	الأحدal-ahad
Today is Sunday.	اليوم الأحد.al-yawmu al-ahad
I have a meeting on Sunday.	عندي اجتماع يوم الأحد.indî ijtimâ'un yawma al-ahad.
Do you have time on Sunday?	هل عندك وقت يوم الأحد؟hal 'indaka waqtun yawma al'ahad?
My brother traveled to Egypt last week.	سافر أخي إلى مصر الأسبوع الماضي.sâfara akhî ilâ misra l-usbûʿa l-mâdî
We have an exam next week.	عندنا امتحان الأسبوع القادم.3indanâ imtihânun al'usbû3a al-qâdima
Monday	الاثنينal-ithnayn
Are you busy on Monday?	هل أنت مشغول يوم الاثنين؟hal anta mashghûlun yawma al-ithnayni
Work starts on Monday.	يبدأ العمل يوم الاثنين.yabda'u al-'amalu yawma al-ithnayn
Tuesday	الثلاثاءath-thulâthâ'
We have an exam on Tuesday.	عندنا امتحان يوم الثلاثاء.'indanâ imtihânun yawma ath-thulâthâ'
My father visited my grandmother on Tuesday.	زار أبي جدتي يوم الثلاثاء.zâra abî jaddatî yawma ath-thulâthâ'i
Wednesday	الأربعاءal-arbi'â'
Wednesday comes after Tuesday.	الأربعاء بعد الثلاثاء.al-arbi'â'u ba'da ath-thulâthâ'i
I will go to the doctor on Wednesday.	سأذهب إلى الطبيب يوم الأربعاء.sa'adh-habu ila ttabibi yawma l-arbi'â'i
Thursday	الخميسal-khamîs
We will travel to the sea on Thursday.	سنسافر إلى البحر يوم الخميس.sanusâfiru ilâ al-baḥri yawma al-khamîs
Friday	الجمعةal-jumu'a
Thursday comes before Friday.	الخميس قبل الجمعة.al-khamîsu qabla al-jumu'ati
The school is closed on Friday.	المدرسة مغلقة يوم الجمعة.al-madrasatu mughlaqatun yawma l-jum'ati
We go to the mosque on Friday.	نذهب إلى المسجد يوم الجمعة.nadh-habu ilâ al-masjidi yawma al-jum'ati
Saturday	السبتas-sabt
Saturday is a day off.	يوم السبت يوم عطلة.yawmu s-sabti yawmu 'utlah.
We played football on Saturday.	لعبنا كرة القدم يوم السبت.la'ibnâ kurata al-qadami yawma as-sabt
tonight	الليلةal-layla
What are you doing tonight?	ماذا تفعل الليلة؟mâdhâ taf'alu allaylata?
I will sleep early tonight.	سأنام مبكرا الليلة.sa'anâmu mubakkiran allaylata
night (one night)	ليلةlaylah
Tonight is Thursday night (the eve of Friday).	الليلة ليلة الجمعة.al-laylatu laylatu l-jumu'ah
It was a beautiful night.	كانت ليلة جميلة.kânat laylatan jamîlatan
My brother slept in the hotel for one night.	نام أخي في الفندق ليلة واحدة.nâma akhî fil-funduqi laylatan wâhidatan

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