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Time to gear up and hit the road! This lesson expands your outdoor vocabulary with cycling essentials. You will learn to describe bicycle parts, terrain, and the specific motions involved in a good ride.

### Hitting the Road

To talk about riding a bicycle (or driving a vehicle), we use the verb:

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When describing the path ahead, you might encounter a winding route. 

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### Anatomy of a Bicycle

To talk about the bike itself, you will need to know its core components. Key parts include the brake (مكبح), chain (سلسلة), pedal (دواسة), handlebar (مقود), and the air pump (مضخة) you will need to keep the tires full.

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### Motion and Terrain

A vital verb for anything with wheels or pedals is "to spin" or "to revolve":

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Combine your new mechanics vocabulary with terrain features like a hill (تلة) or a curve (منحنى) to describe exactly how the bike maneuvers on the road.

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Cycling Life

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to drive, to ride (a bicycle)	قادqâda
winding	متعرجmuta'arrij
I ride a bicycle that goes on a winding road.	أنا أقود دراجة تمشي على طريق متعرج.ana aqûdu darrâjatan tamshî 'alâ tarîqin muta'arrijin
brake	مكبحmikbah
chain	سلسلةsilsila
This bicycle does not have a brake or a chain.	ليس لهذه الدراجة مكبح ولا سلسلة.laysa lihâdhihi ad-darrâjati mikbahun wa lâ silsilatun
hill	تلةtalla
pump	مضخةmidhakhkha
We climbed a very high hill without an air pump.	صعدنا تلة عالية جدا بدون مضخة هواء.sa'idnâ tallatan 'âliyatan jiddan bidûni midakhkhati hawâ'
to spin	دارdâra
pedal	دواسةdawwâsa
handlebar	مقودmiqwad
The pedal spun a lot when I moved the handlebar.	دارت الدواسة كثيرا عندما حركت المقود.dârati ad-dawwâsatu kathiran indama harraktu al-miqwada
curve	منحنىmunhana
She rides a bicycle that has no brake in a dangerous curve.	هي تقود دراجة ليس لها مكبح في منحنى خطير.hiya taqoodu darrâjatan laysa lahâ mikbahun fee munhanan khateerin.
The man went down from a hill on a winding path.	نزل الرجل من تلة في مسار متعرج.nazala r-rajulu min tallatin fî masârin mutaarrijin
The chain is not clean, so the wheel does not spin.	السلسلة ليست نظيفة، لذا لا تدور العجلة.as-silsilatu laysat nazhîfatan, lidhâ lâ tadûru al-ajalatu.
I moved the handlebar a little before the curve.	حركت المقود قليلا قبل المنحنى.harraktu al-miqwada qalîlan qabla al-munhanâ.
I need an air pump to inflate the tire.	أحتاج إلى مضخة هواء لكي أنفخ الإطار.ahtâju ilâ midakhkhati hawâ'in likay anfukha al-itâra
This is not a winding road that leads to a hill.	هذا ليس طريقا متعرجا يؤدي إلى تلة.hâdhâ laysa tarîqan muta'arrijan yu'addî ilâ tallatin.
I used the brake a little because the street is not wide.	استخدمت المكبح قليلا لأن الشارع ليس واسعا.istakhdamtu al-mikbaha qalîlan li'anna ash-shâri'a laysa wâsi'an
My friend drove a car that spun in a dark curve.	قاد صديقي سيارة دارت في منحنى مظلم.qâda sadîqî sayyâratan dârat fî munhanan muzlimin
My sister bought a bicycle that has a wide pedal, a strong chain, and a comfortable handlebar.	اشترت أختي دراجة لها دواسة واسعة وسلسلة قوية ومقود مريح.ishtarat ukhtî darrâjatan lahâ dawwâsatun wâsi'atun wa silsilatun qawiyyatun wa miqwadun murîh

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