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### The Cognate Accusative for Quantity

To specify exactly how many times an action was performed, use the **المفعول المطلق المبين للعدد** (Cognate Accusative Expressing Quantity). Place a noun derived from the same root as the verb after it. As an accusative object, it takes accusative endings.

To show an action happened exactly twice, use the dual accusative suffix **ـتين**.

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### Expressing a Single Action

To emphasize that an action happened exactly once, use the singular form of the derived noun, which typically ends in **ـة**. You can add the adjective **واحدة** (one) for extra emphasis.

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### Expressing Multiple Actions

When an action occurs three or more times, use the plural form of the derived noun, usually the regular feminine plural ending **ـات**. You can follow this noun with adjectives to describe the actions.

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### Combining Quantities

You can combine different quantities in a single sentence to describe a sequence of actions.

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### Seeing the endings

This course writes Arabic the way books and newspapers print it, without the short-vowel marks, so on a singular or a feminine plural the ending this lesson is about is something you hear in the audio but cannot see in the drills. A dual shows it in writing: لكمتين, not لكمتان. Here are some of them with every vowel written out:

| as written | fully vocalized | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| لكم الملاكم خصمه لكمتين. | لَكَمَ المُلَاكِمُ خَصْمَهُ لَكْمَتَيْنِ. | The boxer punched his opponent twice. |
| الملاكمة رياضة خطيرة، لذلك ضربت البطلة ضربة واحدة عنيفة. | المُلَاكَمَةُ رِيَاضَةٌ خَطِيرَةٌ، لِذَلِكَ ضَرَبَتِ البَطَلَةُ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً عَنِيفَةً. | Boxing is a dangerous sport, so the female champion struck just one fierce blow. |
| لأن الملاكم غاضب، لكم الباب لكمات كثيرة. | لِأَنَّ المُلَاكِمَ غَاضِبٌ، لَكَمَ البَابَ لَكَمَاتٍ كَثِيرَةً. | Because the boxer is angry, he punched the door many times. |

The dual shows the accusative in writing, as the ـتين of **لَكْمَتَيْنِ**. On the single action in ة it is only heard: **ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً**. The ـات plural takes *-in* where other nouns take *-an*, so **لَكَمَاتٍ** sounds like a genitive, while the adjective after it has the ordinary accusative: **كَثِيرَةً**.

Cognate accusative for quantity (مفعول مطلق)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to punch	لكمlakama
a boxer	ملاكمmulâkim
a punch	لكمةlakma
The boxer punched his opponent twice.	لكم الملاكم خصمه لكمتين.lakama almulâkimu khasmahu lakmatayni
boxing	ملاكمةmulâkama
fierce (violent)	عنيفaniif
Boxing is a dangerous sport, so the female champion struck just one fierce blow.	الملاكمة رياضة خطيرة، لذلك ضربت البطلة ضربة واحدة عنيفة.al-mulaakamatu riyaadatun khateeratun, lithaalika darabati l-batalatu darbatan waahidatan 'aneefatan
a block	صدةsadda
No sooner had the opponent attacked than the boxer blocked the attack twice.	ما إن هاجم الخصم حتى صد الملاكم الهجوم صدتين.mâ in hâjama al-khasmu hattâ sadda al-mulâkimu al-hujûma saddatayn
to dodge	راوغrâwagha
a dodge	مراوغةmurâwagha
The female player made quick dodges because the opponent is very strong.	راوغت اللاعبة مراوغات سريعة لأن الخصم قوي جدا.râwaghati l-lâ'ibatu murâwaghâtin sarî'atan li'anna l-khasma qawiyyun jiddan
to defeat	هزمhazama
a defeat	هزيمةhazîma
The boxers who trained a lot defeated the opponent twice.	الملاكمون الذين تدربوا كثيرا هزموا الخصم هزيمتين.al-mulâkimûna alladhîna tadarrabû kathîran hazamû al-khasma hazîmatayn
The opponent is fast, so you (f.) must jump twice.	الخصم سريع، إذن يجب أن تقفزي قفزتين.al-khasmu sarî'un, idhan yajibu an taqfizî qafzatayn
The boxer dodged once and threw light punches at the coach.	راوغ الملاكم مراوغة واحدة ولكم المدرب لكمات خفيفة.râwagha al-mulâkimu murâwaghatan wâhidatan wa lakama al-mudarriba lakamâtin khafîfatan
The female champion struck the opponent twice, so she won the bout.	ضربت البطلة الخصم ضربتين، إذن فازت في الملاكمة.darabati al-batalatu al-khasma darbatayni, idhan fâzat fi al-mulâkamah.
The female players who took part in the match defeated the opponent twice.	اللاعبات اللواتي شاركن في المباراة هزمن الخصم هزيمتين.al-lâ'ibâtu allawâtî shârakna fî al-mubârâti hazamna al-khasma hazîmatayni
Because the boxer is angry, he punched the door many times.	لأن الملاكم غاضب، لكم الباب لكمات كثيرة.li'anna al-mulâkima ghâdibun, lakama al-bâba lakamâtin katheeratan
The female coach evaded the attack and dodged twice.	تفادت المدربة الهجوم وراوغت مراوغتين.tafâdati al-mudarribatu al-hujûma wa râwaghat murâwaghatayn
No sooner had the match started than the boxer made two fierce blocks.	ما إن بدأت المباراة حتى صد الملاكم صدتين عنيفتين.mâ in bada'ati al-mubârâtu hattâ sadda al-mulâkimu saddatayni anîfatayni

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