Feelings on فَعْلان
Many adjectives for feelings and bodily states are built on the pattern فَعْلان, like the عطشان thirsty you know.
| masculine | feminine | plural | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| عطشان | عطشى | عطاش | thirsty |
| غضبان(ghadbân) | غضبى | غضاب | angry |
| حيران(hayrân) | حيرى | حيارى | perplexed |
| ملآن(malân) | ملأى | ملاء | full |
| كسلان(kaslân) | كسلى | كسالى | lazy |
| شبعان(shab'ân) | شبعى | شباع | full (fed) |
Hungry has one too, جوعان / جوعى, but written Arabic prefers the جائع you know.
The feminine in ـى
The feminine replaces ـان with ـى and adds no ة: عطشى, غضبى. Everyday speech says عطشانة, but formal writing uses ـى. A few, like كسلان, شبعان and فرحان(farhân) glad, accept both: كسلى or كسلانة.
| Why is your mother angry? | لماذا أمك غضبى؟limâdhâ ummuka ghadbâ? |
| The bottle is full of water. | الزجاجة ملأى بالماء.az-zujâjatu mal'â bil-mâ'i. |
No tanween
Like the diptotes, these adjectives never take tanween. In writing you see it where another adjective gets the accusative alif: after كان or أصبح, and when it describes a state. جائعا has the alif, عطشان has none:
| The child was hungry and thirsty. | كان الطفل جائعا وعطشان.kâna at-tiflu jâ'i'an wa 'atshâna |
| My father came back home angry. | رجع أبي إلى البيت غضبان.raja'a abî ilâ al-bayti ghadbâna |
Plurals
For people, the plural is a broken plural on فِعال or فَعالى, not ـون:
| The boys are lazy after lunch. | الأولاد كسالى بعد الغداء.al-awlâdu kusâlâ ba'da l-ghadâ'i. |
| The travelers were at a loss, for the road was closed. | كان المسافرون حيارى، فالطريق مغلق.kâna al-musâfirûna hayârâ, fattarîqu mughlaqun |
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