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### Active Participle Governance (عمل اسم الفاعل)

In Arabic, active participles (**اسم الفاعل**) describe the doer of an action, such as "organizing", "welcoming", or "funding".

Just like verbal nouns, active participles can behave syntactically like the verbs they are derived from. This means that if an active participle comes from a transitive verb, it can take a direct object.

When an active participle governs a direct object, the object takes the **accusative** case, exactly as it would if it followed a regular active verb.

Notice how the active participle **منسق** (coordinating) governs the noun **مهرجانا** (a festival), which takes the accusative ending.

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This rule applies regardless of the gender of the active participle. Below, the feminine participle **مستقبلة** governs the accusative object **ضيوفا**.

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### Plural Participles and Adjectives

The active participle will always match its subject in gender and number, taking the appropriate endings (such as the masculine plural **ـون**). However, the direct object it governs consistently remains in the accusative case.

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An active participle can also govern a direct object when it acts as an adjective modifying another noun. In the following example, **ممول** (funding) describes the donor, and it governs the accusative object **مشروعا** (a project).

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A single sentence can contain multiple active participles, each independently governing its own direct object in the accusative case.

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### Seeing the endings

This course writes Arabic the way books and newspapers print it, without the short-vowel marks, so the ending this lesson is about is usually something you hear in the audio but cannot see in the drills. Here are some of them with every vowel written out:

| as written | fully vocalized | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| هل أنت منسق مهرجانا؟ | هَلْ أَنْتَ مُنَسِّقٌ مِهْرَجَانًا؟ | Are you coordinating a festival? |
| الجمعية جامعة حصيلة للأيتام. | الجَمْعِيَّةُ جَامِعَةٌ حَصِيلَةً لِلأَيْتَامِ. | The association is collecting proceeds for the orphans. |
| المتبرع مستقبل ضيوفا ومجهز ضيافة. | المُتَبَرِّعُ مُسْتَقْبِلٌ ضُيُوفًا وَمُجَهِّزٌ ضِيَافَةً. | The donor is welcoming guests and preparing hospitality. |

The participle keeps its own ending: **مُنَسِّقٌ**, **جَامِعَةٌ**, **مُسْتَقْبِلٌ**. Its direct object is accusative. On **مِهْرَجَانًا** and **ضُيُوفًا** the alif shows it. On a word ending in ة it is only heard: **حَصِيلَةً**, **ضِيَافَةً**.

Active participle governance

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
Are you coordinating a festival?	هل أنت منسق مهرجانا؟hal anta munassiqun mihrajânan?
donor	متبرعmutabarri'
to fund / to finance	مولmawwala
I am looking for a donor funding a charitable project.	أنا باحث عن متبرع ممول مشروعا خيريا.anâ bâhithun an mutabarriin mumawwilin mashrûan khayriyyan.
to support / to assist	ساندsânada
We are supporting a local team in addition to the association.	نحن مساندون فريقا محليا بالإضافة إلى الجمعية.nahnu musânidûna farîqan mahalliyyan bil'idâfati ilâ aljamiyyati.
to welcome / to receive (guests, people)	استقبلistaqbala
The female volunteer is welcoming guests at the entrance.	المتطوعة مستقبلة ضيوفا عند المدخل.al-mutatawwi'atu mustaqbilatun duyûfan 'inda al-madkhali
leaflet / flyer (publication, handout)	منشورmanshûr
Are they distributing a leaflet to the people?	هل هم موزعون منشورا على الناس؟hal hum muwazzi'ûna manshûran 'alâ an-nâs?
hospitality / catering	ضيافةdiyâfa
We are preparing hospitality in support of the festival.	نحن مجهزون ضيافة دعما للمهرجان.nahnu mujahhizûna diyâfatan da'man lilmahrajân
proceeds / revenue (yield, outcome)	حصيلةhaṣîla
The association is collecting proceeds for the orphans.	الجمعية جامعة حصيلة للأيتام.al-jam'iyyatu jâmi'atun hasîlatan lil-aytâm
amplifier / loudspeaker	مكبرmukabbir
He is using an amplifier because of the noise.	هو مستخدم مكبرا بسبب الضوضاء.huwa mustakhdimun mukabbiran bisababi ad-dawdâ'i.
badge	شارةshâra
Every volunteer is wearing a badge to organize the work.	كل متطوع لابس شارة تنظيما للعمل.kullu mutatawwi'in lâbisun shâratan tanzîman lil'amali.
The donor is welcoming guests and preparing hospitality.	المتبرع مستقبل ضيوفا ومجهز ضيافة.al-mutabarri'u mustaqbilun duyûfan wa-mujahhizun diyâfatan.
Are they funding a project using the proceeds?	هل هن ممولات مشروعا باستخدام الحصيلة؟hal hunna mumawwilâtun mashrooan bistikhdâmi al-hasîlah?
We are supporting a charitable campaign and distributing leaflets.	نحن مساندون حملة خيرية وموزعون منشورات.nahnu musânidûna hamlatan khayriyyatan wa muwazzi'ûna manshûrâtin
The organizer is wearing a badge and using a loudspeaker.	المنظمة لابسة شارة ومستخدمة مكبرا.al-munazzimatu lâbisatun shâratan wa-mustakhdimatun mukabbiran
to host	استضافistadâfa
activity	نشاطnashât
Is Fatima hosting a charitable activity?	هل فاطمة مستضيفة نشاطا خيريا؟hal fâtima mustadîfatun nashâtan khayriyyan?
I am organizing an event tomorrow.	أنا منظم فعالية غدا.ana munazzimun faaliyyatan ghadan
Maryam is preparing food for the volunteers.	مريم مجهزة طعاما للمتطوعين.maryamu mujahhizatun taâman lilmutatawwiîna
We are coordinating an important event, therefore we need a large team.	نحن منسقون فعالية مهمة، لذلك نحتاج إلى فريق كبير.nahnu munassiqûna fa'âliyyatan muhimmatan, lidhâlika nahtâju ilâ farîqin kabîrin
The association hosted a charitable activity for the orphans.	استضافت الجمعية نشاطا خيريا للأيتام.istadâfati l-jam'iyyatu nashâtan khayriyyan lil-aytâmi

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