European Countries

European countries are the friendliest group to learn in Brazilian Portuguese, because they follow a strong default: almost all of them take a feminine definite article — a França, a Itália, a Alemanhawhich makes the preposition predictable (na França, na Itália). A few break the mold by being masculine, plural, or article-less, and those are exactly the ones worth memorizing. This page applies the machinery from the Countries overview to Europe specifically.

The big feminine majority

The most common European countries are feminine and take a. Because they're feminine, "in" is na (em + a) and "from" is da (de + a).

CountryEnglish"in""from"
a FrançaFrancena Françada França
a ItáliaItalyna Itáliada Itália
a EspanhaSpainna Espanhada Espanha
a AlemanhaGermanyna Alemanhada Alemanha
a InglaterraEnglandna Inglaterrada Inglaterra
a RússiaRussiana Rússiada Rússia
a GréciaGreecena Gréciada Grécia
a SuíçaSwitzerlandna Suíçada Suíça
a BélgicaBelgiumna Bélgicada Bélgica
a HolandaHolland / the Netherlandsna Holandada Holanda
a SuéciaSwedenna Suéciada Suécia
a NoruegaNorwayna Noruegada Noruega
a ÁustriaAustriana Áustriada Áustria
a PolôniaPolandna Polôniada Polônia

No verão passado eu viajei pela França e pela Itália de trem.

Last summer I traveled through France and Italy by train.

Esse queijo veio direto da Suíça, experimenta.

This cheese came straight from Switzerland, try it.

Minha avó nasceu na Polônia antes da guerra.

My grandmother was born in Poland before the war.

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The reliable shortcut for Europe: assume a + feminine unless you have a specific reason not to. That single assumption gets you na/da for France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Russia, Greece, and most of the rest. Then just memorize the four kinds of exception below — they're a short list.

The exceptions worth memorizing

Four patterns break the feminine default.

1. Portugal — no article at all. This is the one every learner stumbles on, because it's surrounded by countries that all take a. Portugal stands alone: em Portugal, de Portugal, never na/da.

Eu já morei em Portugal, perto do Porto.

I've lived in Portugal, near Porto.

2. Masculine countries — take o. A small set are masculine, so "in" is no and "from" is do.

Country"in""from"
o Reino Unidono Reino Unidodo Reino Unido
o País de Galesno País de Galesdo País de Gales

A família real mora no Reino Unido, claro.

The royal family lives in the United Kingdom, of course.

3. Plural countries — take os/as. A handful are grammatically plural, which means "in" and "from" use the plural contractions nos/nas and dos/das.

Country"in""from"
os Países Baixosnos Países Baixosdos Países Baixos
os Bálcãs (region)nos Bálcãsdos Bálcãs

A sede da empresa fica nos Países Baixos.

The company's headquarters is in the Netherlands.

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The Netherlands has two names in Portuguese, and Brazilians use both. A Holanda (feminine singular, na Holanda) is the everyday, conversational name; os Países Baixos (masculine plural, nos Países Baixos) is the formal, official name you'll see in news and diplomacy. They refer to the same country — strictly Holanda is a region, but in casual Brazilian Portuguese it stands for the whole country, exactly as casual English says "Holland."

4. The two "no article" oddities beyond Portugal. Most of Europe takes an article, but watch the masculine/plural ones above don't get a feminine a by mistake — o Reino Unido, not a Reino Unido.

Demonyms and languages

European demonyms are mostly regular and agree in gender. The -ês/-esa family (French, English, Portuguese) and the irregular -ão/-ã of German are the two patterns to watch.

CountryMasculineFeminineLanguage
a Françafrancêsfrancesafrancês
a Itáliaitalianoitalianaitaliano
a Espanhaespanholespanholaespanhol
a Alemanhaalemãoalemãalemão
a Inglaterrainglêsinglesainglês
a Rússiarussorussarusso
a Gréciagregogregagrego
a Suíçasuíçosuíça(alemão/francês/italiano)
Portugalportuguêsportuguesaportuguês

O namorado dela é alemão e ela é francesa.

Her boyfriend is German and she's French.

A comida italiana é a minha favorita, sem dúvida.

Italian food is my favorite, no doubt.

Two patterns deserve a closer look. The -ês demonyms drop the accent and add -esa in the feminine: francês → francesa, inglês → inglesa, português → portuguesa (note the accent disappears once the word grows a syllable). And alemão is genuinely irregular: its feminine is alemã (no o), and its plural is alemães (m.) / alemãs (f.) — there's no clean rule here, you simply learn it.

Os turistas ingleses adoram as praias do Nordeste.

English tourists love the beaches of the Northeast.

Eu estudei russo na faculdade, mas esqueci quase tudo.

I studied Russian in college, but I forgot almost everything.

Remember from the overview that the language and the nationality are often the same word, and both are lowercase: um francês (a Frenchman) speaks francês (French). The exception in this table is Switzerland, which has no "Swiss" language — the Swiss speak German, French, or Italian depending on the region.

Common Mistakes

❌ Eu moro na Portugal.

Incorrect — Portugal is the article-less exception in Europe: 'em Portugal'.

✅ Eu moro em Portugal.

I live in Portugal.

❌ Fui de férias para a Reino Unido.

Incorrect — the UK is masculine: 'o Reino Unido', so 'para o Reino Unido' / 'no Reino Unido'.

✅ Fui de férias para o Reino Unido.

I went on vacation to the UK.

❌ Ela é alemão.

Incorrect — the feminine of 'alemão' is irregular: 'alemã'.

✅ Ela é alemã.

She's German.

❌ Comprei isso na Países Baixos.

Incorrect — 'os Países Baixos' is masculine plural: 'nos Países Baixos'.

✅ Comprei isso nos Países Baixos.

I bought this in the Netherlands.

❌ Conheci uma mulher Francesa em Paris.

Incorrect — nationalities are lowercase: 'francesa'.

✅ Conheci uma mulher francesa em Paris.

I met a French woman in Paris.

Key Takeaways

  • The European default is a + feminine, so "in/from" are na/da: na França, da Itália, na Alemanha, na Rússia.
  • Memorize the exceptions: Portugal (no article: em Portugal); masculine o Reino Unido (no Reino Unido); plural os Países Baixos (nos Países Baixos).
  • The Netherlands has two names: casual a Holanda (na Holanda) and formal os Países Baixos (nos Países Baixos).
  • Demonyms agree by gender and are lowercase: francês/francesa, inglês/inglesa, and the irregular alemão/alemã.

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Related Topics

  • Countries and Nationalities: OverviewA1How country names in Brazilian Portuguese lexically take (or drop) the definite article, how that choice drives the preposition, and how nationalities and languages stay lowercase.
  • Prepositions with Country NamesA2The full preposition system for countries in Brazilian Portuguese: em/no/na/nos for location, de/do/da for origin, para/pro/pra for destination — and how the country's article drives every contraction.
  • Nationality AdjectivesA1How Brazilian Portuguese forms nationality and city adjectives — they agree in gender and number, stay lowercase, and double freely as nouns.
  • Lusophone CountriesA2The nine Portuguese-speaking countries of the CPLP — their names, articles, prepositions and demonyms — from Brasil and Portugal to the African PALOP and Timor-Leste.